internal medicine

Question 1

what is the sex-specific manifestation for HIV infected patients?

Answer 1

1- candida infection without predisposing factors
2- painful perineal genital or perianal ulcers caused by HSV-8
3- cervical hyperplasia or neoplasia
4- squamous intraepithelial lesion in pap smear

Question 2

what is the cause of spider angioma in hepatitis?

Answer 2

dec. estrogen metabolism due to diseased liver

Question 3

Q: what can cause acute episodes of hepatitis on top of chronic HBV?

Answer 3

1- superinfections
2-cytotoxic/immunosuppressive drugs are withdrawn (seroconversion) (also C)
3- precore mutant
4- anti-TNF-α therapy (also C)

Question 4

immune complexs in hepatitis C is rare except ?

Answer 4

essential mixed cryoglobluinemia

Question 5

what are the symptoms of alcoholic cirrhosis?

Answer 5

Alcohol Every Journey makes u Happy 
1- Ascites 
2- Edema 
3- Encephalopathy 
4- Hemorrhage in UGT

Question 6

what can we found in clinical examination in alcoholic cirrhosis?

Answer 6

MASS Palpation 
1- muscle atrophy
2- ascites and edema
3- splenomegaly and hepatomegaly  
4- spider angioma 
5- scleral icterus 
6- parotid gland enlargement 
7- palmar erythema, finger clubbing.

Question 7

what are the sex-related symptoms in alcoholic liver cirrhosis?

Answer 7

male 
gynecomastia, dec. body hair, testicular atrophy
female 
menstrual irrigularities 
Amenorrhea

Question 8

what are the unique features of biliary cirrhosis?

Answer 8

1- hyperpigmentation, xanthelasma, xanthomata
2- steatorrhea
3- bleeding tendency and bone pain (due to decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins D+k)

Question 9

complications of chronic HBV

Answer 9

1- polyarthritis nodeusa 
2- membraous glumerulunephritis 
others as 
aplastic anemia 
GB syndrome 
pancreatitis 
carditis

Question 10

what are the evidances that reveal the presence of chronic hepatitis?

Answer 10

1- the persistence of clinical symptoms (anoxia, whight loss, fatigue, hepatomegaly)
2- the persistence of histological evidence
3- persistance of evelated ALT and AST more than 6 M
4- persistance of elevated HBeAg > 3M , HBsAg > 6M

Question 11

what are the complication of decompensated cirrhosis?

Answer 11

1- splenomegaly 
2- SBP
3- ascites 
4- HR syndrome 
5- hepatic encephalopathy 
6- coagulation abnormalities 
7- osteoporosis 
8- hematologic abnormalities

Question 12

complications of biliary cirrhosis

Answer 12

1- early-stage Asymptomatic 
2- pruritis
3- fatigue 
4- hepatosplenomegaly,  jaundice, ascites, and edema
5- hyperpigmentation, xanthelasma, xanthomata 
6- steatorrhea 
7- a bleeding tendency 
8- osteoporosis