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BOD MVST 1b > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

Define definitive host

A

The one in which a parasite reaches sexual maturity and undergoes replication

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2
Q 
Whipworm
Scientific name
Type of parasite
Transmission
Key words
A 
Trichuris trichuria
Nematode roundworm
Direct faecal-oral
Embryonated egg
Larvae
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3
Q 
Pinworm
Scientific name
Type of parasite
Transmission
Key words
A

Enterobius vermicularis
Nematode roundworm
Peri-anal scratching
Embryonated egg

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4
Q 
Giant roundworm
Scientific name
Type of parasite
Transmission
Key words
A 
Ascaris lumbricoides
Nematode roundworm
Faecal-oral
Embryonated egg
Juvenile worm
Adult worm
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5
Q 
Toxoplasma canis
Scientific name
Type of parasite
Transmission
Key words
A 
Toxoplasma canis
Nematode roundworm
Dog definitive host
Human accidental host
Larval eggs that are ingested don't develop
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6
Q 
River blindness
Scientific name
Type of parasite
Transmission
Key words
A 
Onchocerca volvulus
Vector - sandfly
Microfilaria
Larval worm
Adult worm
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7
Q 
Pork tapeworm
Scientific name
Type of parasite
Transmission
Key words
A

Taenia solium
Cestode flatworm
Human definitive host, pork common intermediate
Cystercerci - eat = taeniasis, fine
Proglottids - eat = cystercercosis = bad
Cystercerci, hermaphroditic adult (Scolex, proglottid), taeniasis, proglottid, oncosphere after excretion, cystercerci in pig muscle

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8
Q 
Bilharzia
Scientific name
Type of parasite
Transmission
Key words
A

Schistosoma spp
Trematode flatworm
= schistosomiasis = snail fever
Freshwater snails obligate intracellular parasite
schistosomulae, adult worm, egg, miracidum, primary sporocyst, secondary sporocyst

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9
Q 
Leishmania major
Scientific name
Type of parasite
Transmission
Key words
A

L major
No definitive host as no meiosis
Range of intermediates based on what vector (sandfly) will feed on
Phlebotomus papotasi = restrictive host, phlebotomus arabicus = permissive host
Amastigote in mammal, amplification, promastigote in sandfly midgut
LPG

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10
Q 
Toxoplasma 
Scientific name
Type of parasite
Transmission
Key words
A 
Toxoplasma gondii
Protozoa
Definitive host = cat
Bradyzoite, sporozoite (soil), cat ingests, tachyzoite --> bradyzoite or to macro and microgametocytes, fuse to oocyst, shed in faeces, meiosis in environment
Apicomplexian
1. Rhoptries
2. Microneme
3. Dense granules
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11
Q

What do micronemes do?

A

Secrete proteins that mediate transient attachments of toxoplasma gondii or plasmodium falciparum to host cell membrane

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12
Q

What do rhoptries do?

A

Secrete proteins and membranes that fuse the parasitic and host membranes, making a ring that you can push the parasite through. Forms a parasitophorous vacuole

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13
Q

What is the rodent’s method of protection against rhoptries?

A

IRG immune related GTPases

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14
Q

What do rhoptries do to target IRGs? Which species of toxoplasma do this?

A

ROP18 rhoptry protein, inactivates IRG

Toxoplasma type I

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15
Q

What do dense granules do?

A

Secrete proteins that decorate membrane within parasitophorous vacuole (this is toxoplasma) and process host cell molecules for uptake by the parasite

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16
Q 
Malaria
Scientific name
Type of parasite
Transmission
Key words
A

Plasmodium falciparum (40-50% - sub-Saharan Africa, SE Asia) plasmodium vivax (15-20%, Brazil Indonesia)
Vector = anopheles mosquito
Liver phase Sporozoite, merogony, merozoite NB Schizont
Circulation phase: ring form trophozoite, macro and microgamete
Mosquito: exflagellate to ookinete, oocyst, meosis, sporozoite

17
Q

How does P Vivax get taken up?

A

Dimers of parasitic DBP duffy binding protein irreversibly bind DARC protein on RBC
Stabilises parasite for reorientation and rhoptry formation

18
Q

How does P falciparum bind?

A

Range of receptors

EBA-175 binds sialic acid on glycophorin A

19
Q

How do plasmodium falciparum avoid RBC clearance in spleen?

A

Trophozoite adheres to uninfected RBCs and vasc endo
Knobs on surface are PFEMPs Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane proteins
To adhere to endo CR-I RBC to iCAM1
Rosetting
This is why you rarely see late trophozoites in peripheral blood smears

20
Q

Which traits can provide resistance to malaria?

A

Sickle cell trait
Alpha thalassemia
Beta thalassemia
G6PD deficiency - lose reducing power, generation of free radicals

BOD MVST 1b (9 decks)

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