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Pathophysiology > parasitology > Flashcards

parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

most common parasitic diseases

A

Ascariasis (worm), Hookworm, Trichuriasis (worm), Malaria

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2
Q

giardia lamblia (signs/symptoms)

A

-infects GI tract: foul smelling diarrhea (greasy and frothy), nausea, G.I pain

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3
Q

giardia lamblia (path)

A

drink infected water

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4
Q

giardia lamblia (dx)

A

stool antigen test (exam for cysts), immunoassay kits

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5
Q

giardia lamblia (treat)

A

anti parasitic

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6
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis (signs/symtoms)

A

Mostly affect females w/ yellow, smelly discharge. Males get white discharge. pruritis.

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7
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis (path)

A

sexually trasmitted

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8
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis (dx)

A

trophozoite protozoa present in vaginal secretions

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9
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis (treat)

A

anti parasitic

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10
Q

Leishmania species (name three types)

A
  • cutaneous leish
  • mucocutaneous leish
  • visceral leish
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11
Q

Leishmania species (signs/symptoms)

A
  • cut: skin sores
  • mucocut: Lesions in mucosa of nose and mouth, can cause obliteration of septum and can lead to death
  • visceral: Enlarged liver & spleen
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12
Q

Leishmania species (path)

A

sandfly bite

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13
Q

Leishmania species (dx)

A
  • cut: sample from skin ulcer
  • mucocut: sample from lesion
  • visceral: Liver, spleen, or bone marrow biopsy
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14
Q

Leishmania species (tx)

A

medication (toxic side effects)

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15
Q

Trypanosoma brucii species

A

“african sleeping sickness”

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16
Q

Trypanosoma brucii species (signs/symptoms)

A

Sleepiness, flu symptoms → CNS damage (late stage) → death

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17
Q

Trypanosoma brucii species (path)

A

Tsetse Fly bite

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18
Q

Trypanosoma brucii species (dx)

A

Protozoa in blood, CSF, or lymphs

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19
Q

Trypanosoma brucii species (tx)

A

different meds for early vs late stage (later stage is toxic)

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20
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

A
  • most asymptomatic
  • fecal oral transmission (through cysts)
  • in GI tract (if invades muscoa, get diahrrea with some blood, abdominal pain)
  • causes amoebiasis (cysts in the liver and intestines, mild diarrhea to dysentery with blood and mucus in stool).
  • cured with meds
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21
Q

Acanthamoeba castellani (signs/symptoms)

A
  • Systemic - causes opportunistic infection of brain and spinal cord.
  • Keratitis - corneal infection in contact lens wearers.
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22
Q

Acanthamoeba castellani (path)

A

-found in human poop (contaminated), get through mucus membranes, broke skin, inhalation

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23
Q

Acanthamoeba castellani (dx)

A

biopsy, lumbar punct, ct, mri, corneal scraping

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24
Q

Acanthamoeba castellani (tx)

A

meds

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25
Q

protozoa

A

can complete entire life cycle in host (binary fission), unicellular, eukaryotic

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26
Q

nematode

A

round worm, tapered at both ends, veggies (fert with human feces…fecal oral transmission)

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27
Q

trematodes

A

fluke, small, fresh water snails as vector

28
Q

cestodes

A

tape worm, primarily intestinal parasites (fish), sex with self

29
Q

helminths

A

ingestion of eggs, matures, grow, lay eggs themselves (passed fecally or escape out holes in body)

30
Q

protozoa

A

inside, invade cells, replicate and spread (insect bite-> malaria: mosquito, tetse fly -> sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis, cysts ingestions: giardia)

31
Q

milaria

A

plasmodium

32
Q

plasmodium (signs/symptoms)

A

blood disease, fever (episodic), RBC lysis = anemia, fatigue, etc

33
Q

plasmodium (path)

A

transmitted through bite of mosquito (female), plasmodium sporozoites (new spores that occur through sexual report) go into blood stream, migrate to liver (become cysts the cysts get into RBCs)

  • eventually infected RBCs rupture, and contents infect other cells
  • if lg number of RBCs rupture at once, get sudden fever
34
Q

plasmodium (dx)

A

detection inside RBCs (blood smears)

35
Q

plasmodium (tx)

A

drug therapy

36
Q

toxoplasma gondii

A

toxoplasmosis

37
Q

toxoplasmosis (signs/symptoms)

A
  • undetectable in healthy people
  • baby can be aborted, or baby can be born with a small, large or without a brain
  • AIDs pt: swiss cheese brain (fever, LNs, liver, spleen enlargement, etc)
  • AIDS pts and babies: toxic to brain and eyes!!
38
Q

toxoplasmosis (path)

A

host = cat (feces)

-can get from raw or undercooked meat

39
Q

toxoplasmosis (dx)

A

commercial diagnostic or serologic tests, specific IgG or IgM, CAT scan of brain, examination of retina,

40
Q

toxoplasmosis (tx)

A

drug

41
Q

cryptosporidium species

A

cryptosporidiosis

42
Q

cryptoporidium (signs/symptoms)

A

acute, non bloody diarrhea (but asympt in immunocompetent people)

43
Q

cryptoporidium (path)

A

inhabits GI tract, from feces of domestic animals or farm animals (in water supplies)
-opportunistic in AIDS, immunocompromised pts

44
Q

cryptoporidium (dx)

A

??

45
Q

cryptoporidium (tx)

A

no cure

46
Q

ascaris lumbricoides (signs/sympts)

A
  • asympt in many people

- abdominal cramping, dry cough, fever (when larvae in lungs), children may develop malnutrition

47
Q

ascaris lumbricoides (path)

A
  • roundworm

- ingest eggs

48
Q

ascaris lumbricoides (dx)

A
  • fecal exam for eggs

- sputum may reveal larvae

49
Q

ascaris lumbricoides (tx)

A

drugs

50
Q

taenia solium (signs/sympts)

A
  • intestinal infection may be asympt
  • blindness
  • neurological manifestations
51
Q

taenia solium (path)

A
  • PORK (ingest undercooked pork) tapeworm

- ingestion of eggs (can get into eyes or CNS and form calcified cysts)

52
Q

taenia solium (dx)

A
  • fecal exam for eggs

- CT scan or biopsy of brain

53
Q

taenia solium (tx)

A

drugs

54
Q

enterobus vermicularis (signs/sympts)

A

-severe perianal itching, prolapse

55
Q

enterobus vermicularis (path)

A
  • pinworm
  • small
  • female migrates to perinea area at night to lay eggs
56
Q

enterobus vermicularis (dx)

A

-scotch tape test, examination at night of perineum

57
Q

enterobus vermicularis (tx)

A

drugs

58
Q

schistosome species (signs/sympts)

A
  • pruritic skin rash at site of penetration
  • weeks later fever, hives, weight loss
  • liver fibrosis
59
Q

schistosome species (path)

A
  • penetrate through exposed skin
  • eggs must reach freshwater to hatch (cannot mult in humans)
  • intermediate host = fresh water snail
60
Q

schistosome species (dx)

A

-eggs in stool or urine, ultrasound of liver

61
Q

schistosome species (tx)

A

-drugs

62
Q

trichinella spiralis (signs/sympts)

A

fever, abdominal pain, diahrrea, muscle aches

63
Q

trichinella spiralis (path)

A

-ingestion (often found in raw pork), cysts in skeletal muscles

64
Q

trichinella spiralss (dx)

A

-serology, muscle biopsy, increases levels of muscle enzymes circulation in blood

65
Q

trichinella spiralis (tx)

A

drugs

Pathophysiology (7 decks)

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