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parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

most common parasitic diseases

A

Ascariasis (worm), Hookworm, Trichuriasis (worm), Malaria

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2
Q

giardia lamblia (signs/symptoms)

A

-infects GI tract: foul smelling diarrhea (greasy and frothy), nausea, G.I pain

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3
Q

giardia lamblia (path)

A

drink infected water

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4
Q

giardia lamblia (dx)

A

stool antigen test (exam for cysts), immunoassay kits

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5
Q

giardia lamblia (treat)

A

anti parasitic

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6
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis (signs/symtoms)

A

Mostly affect females w/ yellow, smelly discharge. Males get white discharge. pruritis.

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7
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis (path)

A

sexually trasmitted

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8
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis (dx)

A

trophozoite protozoa present in vaginal secretions

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9
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis (treat)

A

anti parasitic

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10
Q

Leishmania species (name three types)

A
  • cutaneous leish
  • mucocutaneous leish
  • visceral leish
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11
Q

Leishmania species (signs/symptoms)

A
  • cut: skin sores
  • mucocut: Lesions in mucosa of nose and mouth, can cause obliteration of septum and can lead to death
  • visceral: Enlarged liver & spleen
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12
Q

Leishmania species (path)

A

sandfly bite

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13
Q

Leishmania species (dx)

A
  • cut: sample from skin ulcer
  • mucocut: sample from lesion
  • visceral: Liver, spleen, or bone marrow biopsy
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14
Q

Leishmania species (tx)

A

medication (toxic side effects)

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15
Q

Trypanosoma brucii species

A

“african sleeping sickness”

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16
Q

Trypanosoma brucii species (signs/symptoms)

A

Sleepiness, flu symptoms → CNS damage (late stage) → death

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17
Q

Trypanosoma brucii species (path)

A

Tsetse Fly bite

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18
Q

Trypanosoma brucii species (dx)

A

Protozoa in blood, CSF, or lymphs

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19
Q

Trypanosoma brucii species (tx)

A

different meds for early vs late stage (later stage is toxic)

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20
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

A
  • most asymptomatic
  • fecal oral transmission (through cysts)
  • in GI tract (if invades muscoa, get diahrrea with some blood, abdominal pain)
  • causes amoebiasis (cysts in the liver and intestines, mild diarrhea to dysentery with blood and mucus in stool).
  • cured with meds
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21
Q

Acanthamoeba castellani (signs/symptoms)

A
  • Systemic - causes opportunistic infection of brain and spinal cord.
  • Keratitis - corneal infection in contact lens wearers.
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22
Q

Acanthamoeba castellani (path)

A

-found in human poop (contaminated), get through mucus membranes, broke skin, inhalation

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23
Q

Acanthamoeba castellani (dx)

A

biopsy, lumbar punct, ct, mri, corneal scraping

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24
Q

Acanthamoeba castellani (tx)

A

meds

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25
protozoa
can complete entire life cycle in host (binary fission), unicellular, eukaryotic
26
nematode
round worm, tapered at both ends, veggies (fert with human feces…fecal oral transmission)
27
trematodes
fluke, small, fresh water snails as vector
28
cestodes
tape worm, primarily intestinal parasites (fish), sex with self
29
helminths
ingestion of eggs, matures, grow, lay eggs themselves (passed fecally or escape out holes in body)
30
protozoa
inside, invade cells, replicate and spread (insect bite-> malaria: mosquito, tetse fly -> sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis, cysts ingestions: giardia)
31
milaria
plasmodium
32
plasmodium (signs/symptoms)
blood disease, fever (episodic), RBC lysis = anemia, fatigue, etc
33
plasmodium (path)
transmitted through bite of mosquito (female), plasmodium sporozoites (new spores that occur through sexual report) go into blood stream, migrate to liver (become cysts the cysts get into RBCs) - eventually infected RBCs rupture, and contents infect other cells - if lg number of RBCs rupture at once, get sudden fever
34
plasmodium (dx)
detection inside RBCs (blood smears)
35
plasmodium (tx)
drug therapy
36
toxoplasma gondii
toxoplasmosis
37
toxoplasmosis (signs/symptoms)
- undetectable in healthy people - baby can be aborted, or baby can be born with a small, large or without a brain - AIDs pt: swiss cheese brain (fever, LNs, liver, spleen enlargement, etc) - AIDS pts and babies: toxic to brain and eyes!!
38
toxoplasmosis (path)
host = cat (feces) | -can get from raw or undercooked meat
39
toxoplasmosis (dx)
commercial diagnostic or serologic tests, specific IgG or IgM, CAT scan of brain, examination of retina,
40
toxoplasmosis (tx)
drug
41
cryptosporidium species
cryptosporidiosis
42
cryptoporidium (signs/symptoms)
acute, non bloody diarrhea (but asympt in immunocompetent people)
43
cryptoporidium (path)
inhabits GI tract, from feces of domestic animals or farm animals (in water supplies) -opportunistic in AIDS, immunocompromised pts
44
cryptoporidium (dx)
??
45
cryptoporidium (tx)
no cure
46
ascaris lumbricoides (signs/sympts)
- asympt in many people | - abdominal cramping, dry cough, fever (when larvae in lungs), children may develop malnutrition
47
ascaris lumbricoides (path)
- roundworm | - ingest eggs
48
ascaris lumbricoides (dx)
- fecal exam for eggs | - sputum may reveal larvae
49
ascaris lumbricoides (tx)
drugs
50
taenia solium (signs/sympts)
- intestinal infection may be asympt - blindness - neurological manifestations
51
taenia solium (path)
- PORK (ingest undercooked pork) tapeworm | - ingestion of eggs (can get into eyes or CNS and form calcified cysts)
52
taenia solium (dx)
- fecal exam for eggs | - CT scan or biopsy of brain
53
taenia solium (tx)
drugs
54
enterobus vermicularis (signs/sympts)
-severe perianal itching, prolapse
55
enterobus vermicularis (path)
- pinworm - small - female migrates to perinea area at night to lay eggs
56
enterobus vermicularis (dx)
-scotch tape test, examination at night of perineum
57
enterobus vermicularis (tx)
drugs
58
schistosome species (signs/sympts)
- pruritic skin rash at site of penetration - weeks later fever, hives, weight loss - liver fibrosis
59
schistosome species (path)
- penetrate through exposed skin - eggs must reach freshwater to hatch (cannot mult in humans) - intermediate host = fresh water snail
60
schistosome species (dx)
-eggs in stool or urine, ultrasound of liver
61
schistosome species (tx)
-drugs
62
trichinella spiralis (signs/sympts)
fever, abdominal pain, diahrrea, muscle aches
63
trichinella spiralis (path)
-ingestion (often found in raw pork), cysts in skeletal muscles
64
trichinella spiralss (dx)
-serology, muscle biopsy, increases levels of muscle enzymes circulation in blood
65
trichinella spiralis (tx)
drugs

Pathophysiology (7 decks)

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