bacteriology (bacteria) Flashcards
gram - cocci (examples)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea) Neisseria Meningitidis (meningitis)
gram- bacilli (examples)
Escheria coli (EColi) Bordetella Pertussis (Whooping cough)
gram - bacteria (structure)
thin peptidoglycan layer, inner cytoplasmic cell membrane and outer membrane with periplasmic space in between, stain pink, porins, bacilli or cocci, outer membrane embedded with lipopoly-saccharides with act as antigens
gram - enteric rods
found in GI tract (normal flora or infectious), facultative anaerobes
gram - nonenteric rods
aerobes, common cause of respiratory tract infection
gram - cocci
aerobes or facultative anaerobes
gram + bacteria (structure)
bacilli and rods, both can be aerobes or facultative anaerobes, cytoplasmic membrane AND thick peptidoglycan wall
gram + cocci (examples)
staphylococcus (S. aureus) = skin infections, TSS (everything!)
B- hemolytic Streptococci (S. Pyogenes=skin infections, strep throat, necrotizing fasciitis)
gram + bacilli (examples)
Listeria monocytogenes (meningitis, abortion) Corynebacterium (C. diphtheriae = diphtheria)
bacteria without cell walls (structure)
no peptidoglycan cell walls, enclosed in plasma membrane, pleomorphic (can alter shape)
bacteria without cell walls (examples)
Mycoplasma (M. hominis = STD, UTI and M. pneumoniae)
Ureaplasma (M. urealytium = STD)
acid fast bacteria (structure)
Cell wall composed of waxy lipid (mycolic) acid peptidoglycan and glycolipids (high lipid in wall = normal dyes cannot penetrate it; most bacteria can be decolorized with alcohol but acid fast retain stain)
acid fast bacteria (examples)
mycobacterium (M. tuberculosis = TB, M. Leparae = leprosy)
Obligate Intracellular parasites (what they do)
Bacteria that can only grow within host cells,
obligate intracellular parasite (examples)
Chlamydia trachomatis (GU and eye disease) Rickettsia rickettsee (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)
spirochetes (structure)
flexible, thin walled, gram - bacilli, corkscrew, motile, uniquely enveloped by outer glycosaminoglycan sheath, aerobic, anaerobic, facultative anearobic, can be part of normal flora
spirochetes (examples)
Treponema pallidum (syphillis), borrelia burgorferi (lyme disease)
Spore forming bacteria (structure)
Gram + rods ONLY, resistant to heat, desiccation, UV light, chemical agents
Spore forming bacteria (what they do)
Cell undergoes structural and metabolic changes to increase chance of survival by forming then releasing endospores (parent cell lyses)
Spore (endospore)
contains copy of DNA, reduced metabolic activity, impermeable envelope (cannot divide)
Spore forming bacteria (examples)
Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), Clostridium tetani (tetanus)
staphlococcus aureus (signs/symptoms)
skin infections, osteomyelitis, arthritis, endocarditis, pneumonia, UTI, TSS
staphlococcus aureus (pathogenesis)
gram + cocci, catalase + (enzymes), protein A, hemolysins, arranged in clusters, MSSA or MRSA
staphlococcus aureus ( diagnostics)
catalase test, blood culture, gram staining
staphlococcus aureus (management)
antibiotics, drain abscess
Streptococcus pneumonia (signs, symptoms)
Pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media
streptococcus pneumonia (pathogenesis)
gram + cocci (in chains), Alpha hemolytic (hemolyzes RBCs), polysaccharide capsule, pili, choline binding protein A, enzymes
streptococcus pneumonia (diagnostics)
gram stain, blood cultures, sputum culture, spinal fluid, nasal swab, grow on blood agar (no catalase)
listeria monocytogenes (signs/symptoms)
most food born, meningitis (neonates, immunocomp adults), sepsis, abortions (pregnant women)
listeria monocytogenes (pathogenesis)
gram + rod, aerobic, diplococci or short chains, enters cell by phase and escapes infecting the cell, membrane degrading phospholipases, aerobic and facultative anaerobic, motile
listeria monocytogenes( diagnostics)
spinal tap (culture), blood culture
listeria monocytogenes (management)
antibiotics, washing hands when prepping food
Escherichia Coli (signs/symptoms)
UTI, sepsis, neonatal meningitis, diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis
E. Coli (pathogenesis)
Gram - rod, fimbriae, pili, lerment lactose, facultative anaerobes
E. Coli (Diagnostics)
Stool culture, PCR, UA
E. Coli (Management)
Prevention, maintain fluid-electrolyte balance, antibiotics
Vibrio cholera (signs/symptoms)
Cholera, sepsis, diahrrea, hypovolemic shock, dehydration (“rice water stools”)
Vibrio cholera (pathogenesis)
gram - rod, short, curved, aerobic, single flagella, adhesion factors, cholera toxin (enterotoxin)
virbrio cholera (diagnostics)
blood or macconkey agar
virbrio cholera (management)
maintain fluid-electrolyte balance, antibiotics, prevention
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (signs/symptoms)
STI, neonatal conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, arthritis, disseminated infection
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (pathogenesis)
Gram - cocci, aerobic unencapsulated, pili, porin protein, requires iron for growth, lipooligosaccharide, opacity proteins (displayed on membrane), cannot survive outside body
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (diagnostics)
gram stain, swab culture, urine test, selective media
Neisseria gonorrheoeae (management)
antibiotics, prevention, become drug resistant
yersinia pestis (symptoms)
septicemia, bubonic plague (high fever, chills, headache, malaise), pustules, purpura (“rats are pests, PESTis”)
yersinia pestis (pathogenesis)
enterobacteriaceae family, small gram - rod, Yop proteins, capsule, resistant to phago, facultative anaerobic, Pla protease, bubo, zoonosis, carried by lymph system (INFECTIOUS!)
yersinia pestis (diagnostics)
gram stain (stains bipolarly), clinical presentation, culture from bubo or CSF, blood culture
yersinia pestis (management)
abx, supportive therapy for shock, doxy, prevention
Clostridium botulinum (signs/symptoms)
botulism (flaccid paralysis, difficulty swallowing or focusing)
Clostridium botulinum (pathogenesis)
Gram + rod, anaerobic, large, form endospores, neurotoxin, inhibits release of acetylcholine (one of most potent know poisons, found often in canned foods, can occur in infants)
Clostridium botulinum (Diagnosis)
clinical presentation, anaerobic culture, toxin identified in serum, stool and food
Clostridium botulinum (Management)
Prevention, antitoxin administration, may require mechanical ventilation, abc
Treponema pallidum (signs/symptoms)
Syphilis (chancre, no pain), rash (hands/soles), lymph node enlargement, CNS symptoms, alopecia, condyloma lata (raised grey/white lesions)
Treponema pallidum (pathogenesis)
Spirochetes, gram -, outer membrane composed of glycolipids and lipoproteins, endoflagella (corck screw)
Treponema pallidum (Diagnosis)
2 serology tests (may not be positive for up to 3 weeks), clinical presentation
Treponema pallidum (Management)
PCN, prevention and education
Mycobacterium (signs/symptoms)
TB (may be dormant or progress to disease), tubercle in lung (can get into blood stream and cause systemic effects)
Mycobacterium (pathogenesis)
Acid fast bacteria (long, slender rods, mycelia acid cell wall - waxy, lipid)
Mycobacterium (diagnosis)
carbol fuchsin stain (appears red and purple), chest X-ray, ppd test, clinical presentation, sputum culture
mycobacterium (management)
multiple drug therapy (long term)
rickettsia rickettsii ( signs/symptoms)
rocky mountain spotted fever, rash that starts on extremities (palms and soles) then spreads all over body
rickettsia rickettsii (pathogenesis)
small, rod like or coccobacillary, gram -, stain poorly, brought into cell via phago
rickettsia rickettsii (diagnosis)
polychrome stain, serology, immunofluorescence or histochemical procedures, PCR, biopsy
rickettsia rickettsii (management)
prevention, antibotics
gram + bacteria
staph, strep, bacilus, clostridium, listeria
gram - bacteria
neisseria, enterics, haemophillus, bordetella, legionella, yersinia, chlamydia, ricettsia, spirochets
acid fast bacteria
mycobacterium
bacteria with out cell walls
mycoplasma
