mycology Flashcards

1
Q

what makes a fungus

A
  • eukaryotes (have membrane enclosed nucleus)
  • heterotrophs (require pre formed source of C for growth (secrete degradative enzymes)
  • saprophytic (obtain nourishment from dead matter)
  • parasitic (obtain nourishment from live organic matter)
  • often take form as respiratory or skin infections
  • mycosis should always be considered in immunocompromised patients
  • specialized antifungal agents are needed to treat
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2
Q

fungal cell walls

A

made of chitin (bacteria peptidoglycan)

  • means not affected by ABX!!
  • contain ergosterol (human cell walls don’t contain this so antifungals don’t kill human cells)
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3
Q

How fungal cells grow

A
  • filamentous
  • yeast like
  • dimorphic
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4
Q

filamentous fungi

A
  • “mold like”
  • the vegetative body is a mass of threads with many branches. the mass is a mycelium which grows by branching and tip elongation.
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5
Q

yeast like fungi

A
  • single unconnected spheroid cells, reproduce by budding

- spaghetti and meatballs

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6
Q

dimorphic fungi

A

-yeast like in one environment and mold like in another. they can be air or water borne where they germinate and establish new colonies. They reproduce either sexually or asexually.

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7
Q

fungal reproduction

A
  • sporulation (with and without sex, most human pathogenic fungi reproduce asexually)
  • spores are metabolically dormant (released in huge numbers via wind and water then germinate to establish new colonies)
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8
Q

Lab diagnosis

A

-under scope with KOH prep (KOH digests keratin)

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9
Q

classification of pathogenic mycoses

A
  • where on body they infect (cutaneous, subcutaneous, systemic)
  • what type of body they infect (healthy vs immunocompromised)
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10
Q

cutaneous pathogenic mycoses

A
  • dermatophytes!!
  • reside on humans, animals, soil
  • infect superficial keratinized structures (hair, skin, nails)
  • human to human or animal transmission
  • diaper rash! (fester in warm, moist environments)
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11
Q

subcutaneous pathogenic mycoses

A
  • infect dermis, subcutaneous, tissue and bone
  • reside in soil or decaying vegetation
  • acquired through traumatic lacs or puncture wounds (usually in tropical enviorns)
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12
Q

systemic pathogenic mycoses

A
  • some can infect healthy people
  • some primarily infect sick people
  • usually confined to geographic areas
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13
Q

if get fungal infection, what do you wonder?

A
  • is pt immunocomp? do they have aids? diabetes?

- if someone on abx and still sick, wonder fungus?

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14
Q

opportunistic

A
  • type of systemic pathogen
  • infect immunocompromised host (BM transplant, AIDS, chemo, etc)
  • may be normal flora going out of control
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15
Q

candida

A
  • oral or cutaneous candidal dermatitis

- yeast growth in different areas

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16
Q

trichophyton species

A
  • tinea corpis: body (ring worm)
  • tinea cruris: groin (jock itch)
  • tinea pedis: foot (athletes foot)
  • tinea unguinum: nail
  • tinea capitus: scalp
17
Q

sporothrix schenckii

A
  • “rose thorn”

- spopotrichosis

18
Q

histoplasma capsulatum

A
  • histoplasmosis (also blastomyces)

- ohio river valley (mississippi river)

19
Q

pneumocystis jiroveci

A
  • PCP pneumonia
  • classic presentation: chest radiograph report reads “bilateral, diffuse, perihelia, fine, reticular, interstitial nodular opacification, appears somewhat granular”
  • pt fatigued, coughing, short of breath
20
Q

rocky mountain spotted fever

A
  • southeast (NC)

- fever and rash

21
Q

lyme disease

A

east coast

22
Q

coccidomycosis

A

arizona and SA (arid climates)

23
Q

rhizopus

A
  • common in bread and compost mold

- can kill in week if inhaled