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CAPSTONE > Parasitology :) 165-179 > Flashcards

Parasitology :) 165-179 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some substances that will interfere with examination of feces for ova and parasites?

A

Antibiotics, antiseptics, laxatives, mineral oil, soap, water, and urine

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2
Q

How many specimens are usually seen for ova and parasites?

A

At least three since some parasites are eliminated intermittently

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3
Q

Name several preservatives for fecal specimens for ova and parasites.

A

Polyvinyl alcohol, 10% formalin, SAF, and MIF

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4
Q

What is the disadvantage of mercuric chloride-based polyvinyl alcohol?

A

Because it contain mercury, it is poisonous an requires special handling and disposal.

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5
Q

What guidelines should be followed regarding the number and timing of stool for routine O&P testing?

A

No more than 2 or 3 specimens per patient should be submitted and should not be submitted from patients after the fourth day of hospitalization.

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6
Q

What are the recommended time limits for examination of formed, soft, and liquid stool specimens for O and P?

A

Liquid specimens should be examined within thirty minutes of passage or preserved. Soft within 1 hour and formed within 24 hrs.

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7
Q

What 3 examinations are usually performed on fresh stool specimen?

A

Direct wet prep, concentration, and a permanent stained smear

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the saline direct smear in the ova and parasite examination?

A

It is used to study the motility of trophs

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9
Q

What is the consistency of the stool specimen in which trophs are most likely to be found?

A

A liquid specimen

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10
Q

How concentrated should the saline direct smear be in the ova and parasitic examination?

A

One should be able to read newsprint through it

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11
Q

Why is iodine used in the direct smear in the ova and parasite examination?

A

Iodine stains the cysts and allows visualization of the nuclear structure. Trophy are killed by iodin

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the concentration technique in the ova and parasite procedure?

A

It concentrate the parasites and separates them from the fecal debris so they are easier to find

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13
Q

Which concentration technique is most widely used for ova and parasites

A

The sedimentation method. It is the easiest method and least subject to errors

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14
Q

What is the disadvantage of the formalin-ether sedimentation method

A

Ether must be stored in an explosion-proof refrigerator

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15
Q

Which parasites are best diagnosed by a permanent stained smear

A

Protozoa

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16
Q

Name a fixative used for preparation of a permanent smear

A

Schaudinns

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17
Q

Name 2 stains used for permanent stained slides in parasitology

A

Iron hematoxylin and trichrome

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18
Q

Which intestinal ameba is pathogenic for man?

A

E. histolytica

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19
Q

Name an ameba with cigar shaped chromatoidal bodies in the cyst

A

E. histolytica

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20
Q

Name an ameba whose cyst contains up to 8 nuclei

A

E. coli

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21
Q

Name an ameba whose trophy ingests RBCs

A

E. histolytica

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22
Q

Name an ameba whose nucleus has delicate, even, peripheral chromatin and a delicate, central karyosome

A

E. histolytica

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23
Q

Name an ameba whose cyst has a large glycogen vacuole

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

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24
Q

Name an ameba whose cyst has only one nucleus

A

I. butschlii

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25
Q

Which ameba causes granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) and ulcerative keratitis in contact lens wearers

A

Acanthamoeba

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26
Q

Which ameba causes primary amebic meningoencephalitis

A

N. fowleri

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27
Q

Name a flagellate that does not have a cyst

A

Trichomonas or Dientamoeba

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28
Q

Name a flagellate that has a lemon shaped cyst

A

Chilomastix mesnili

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29
Q

Name a flagellate whose troops always have 2 nuclei

A

Giardia lamblia

30
Q

Name a flagellate that can be seen in a blood smear

A

Trypanosoma

31
Q

Name a flagellate that can be seen in urethral discharge

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

32
Q

Name a flagellate which resembles an ameba because its flagella can only be seen with electron microscopy

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

33
Q

Name a common intestinal protozoan whose trophy usually have 2 nuclei and which does not have a cyst stage

A

D. fragilis

34
Q

Name a flagellate whose cyst has 2 to 4 nuclei at the anterior end, parabolas bodies, an apostles, and cytoplasm that shrinks away from the cell wall.

A

Giardia lamblia

35
Q

Name a flagellate that looks like an old man with glasses

A

G. lamblia

36
Q

Name the most common intestinal protozoan infection in the U.S.

A

Giardiasis

37
Q

Name a flagellate that can be diagnosed from duodenal aspirates or enterotest capsule

A

Giardia

38
Q

Name a protozoan that is ciliated and has a large kidney shaped macronucleus and a small micronucleus

A

Balantidium coli

39
Q

Which is the largest protozoan to infect man

A

B. coli

40
Q

Which parasites can be found in the blood

A

Plasmodium, Babesia, Trypanosoma, and microfilariae

41
Q

Name 2 parasites that live inside erythrocytes

A

Plasomodium and Babesia

42
Q

Name a protozoan that infects reticuloendothelial cells

A

Leishmania

43
Q

Name the parasite that cause sleeping sickness

A

Trypanosoma gambiense or T. rhodesiense

44
Q

What causes Chagas disease?

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

45
Q

Which sporozoan causes malaria?

A

Plasmodium

46
Q

Which parasite has killed more people worldwide than any other

A

Plasmodium

47
Q

Name a parasite that require the Anopheles mosquito for its sexual cycle

A

Plasmodium

48
Q

Which species of Plasmodium is associated with enlarged RBCS

A

P. vivax and P. ovale

49
Q

Which species of Plasmodium has sausage shaped or crescent shaped gametocytes

A

P. falciparum

50
Q

Which species of Plasmodium commonly has multiple ring forms within one RBC

A

P. falciparum

51
Q

Which species of Plasmodium is most malignant

A

P. falciparum

52
Q

Which species of Plasmodium does one see rings and gametocytes only

A

P. falciparum

53
Q

Which species of Plasmodium is characterized by band shaped trophs

A

P. malariae

54
Q

Which species of Plasmodium does one see Schuffner dots

A

P. vivax and P. ovale

55
Q

Which protozoan can be spread by infective oocysts in cat feces

A

Toxoplasma gondii

56
Q

Which protozoan can cause neurologic problems if contracted by the fetus after the first trimester

A

T. gondii

57
Q

Which protozoan is the major cause of encephalitis in AIDS patients

A

T. gondii

58
Q

How is toxoplasmosis usually diagnosed

A

Serologic test

59
Q

Name a roundworm that has a barrel shaped egg with a clear plug at either end

A

Trichuris trichuria, whipworm

60
Q

What is the most common helminth infection in the U.S.

A

Pinworm E. vermicularis

61
Q

Name a roundworm that is diagnosed by the scotch tape test

A

E. vermicularis, pinworm

62
Q

When is the best time to collect a scotch tape prep

A

First thing in the morning before bathing or defecation

63
Q

Name a roundworm whose egg resembles a loaf of Italian bread - flat on one side and rounded on the other.

A

E. vermicularis

64
Q

Name a nematode whose diagnostic stage is the rhabditiform larva

A

Strongloides

65
Q

Name the most common helminth infection in the world

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

66
Q

Roundworm that looks like an earthworm

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

67
Q

Roundworm that can pass from the anus, nose, or mouth

A

A. lumbricoides

68
Q

Which intestinal parasite is not diagnosed by an O and P prep

A

Pinworm, it is ID’d by scotch tape prep

69
Q

Beef tapeworm

A

Taenia saginata

70
Q

Pork tapeworm

A

T. solium

71
Q

Fish tapeworm

A

D. latum

72
Q

Which group of parasites require a snail in its life cycle

A

Flukes

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