Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CAPSTONE > Basic Immunology :) 345-259 > Flashcards

Basic Immunology :) 345-259 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an antigen?

A

A foreign substance that stimulates an immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a hapten?

A

A low molecular weight substance that is incapable of stimulating antibody production unless it is bound to a larger career molecule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an epitope?

A

A determinant site of an antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an antibody?

A

An immunoglobulin produced in response to an antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define affinity.

A

The initial force of attraction between an Fab site on an antibody and a determinant site on the corresponding antigen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define avidity.

A

The overall binding strength that keeps an antibody and an antigen together. It is a measure of overall stability of an antigen-antibody complex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is natural immunity?

A

Innate immunity, the nonspecific defenses with which one is born with, such as skin, mucous membranes, secretions, phagocytes, and complement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Some individuals do not react to poison ivy. What type of immunity do they have?

A

Natural immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does the skin contribute to resistance to disease?

A

Provide a physical barrier to microorganisms. Lactic acid from sweat and fatty acids from sebaceous glands maintain the skin pH around 5.6 which is inhibitory to most microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 2 branches of the immune system?

A

Humoral immunity and cellular immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is humoral immunity?

A

An antibody-mediated immunity involving B lymphocytes and plasma cells. Provides defense against extracellular pathogens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is cellular immunity?

A

Involves T lymphs and defends against tumor cells and intracellular pathogens like viruses, fungi, and mycobacteria. Graft rejections and type IV hypersensitivity are examples of cellular immunity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is adaptive or acquired immunity?

A

Immunity that develops following exposure to an antigen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is active immunity?

A

Development of a specific antibody by an individual who has been exposed to an antigen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is passive immunity?

A

Short-term protection by antibodies developed in another individual. Examples are maternal antibodies that protect newborns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Injections of an attenuated antigen should result in the development of which type of immunity?

A

Active immunity

17
Q

Administration of an antitoxin is an example of which type of immunity?

A

Passive immunity

18
Q

The hepatitis B vaccine is an example of which type of immunity?

A

Active immunity

19
Q

Administration of the tetanus toxoid is an example of which type of immunity?

A

Active immunity

20
Q

The antibodies that develop following act hepatitis B are an example which type of immunity?

A

Active immunity

21
Q

Which type of immunity affords immediate protection

A

Passive immunity because antibodies are already formed

22
Q

What role does the macrophage play in the immune response?

A

It initiates the immune response by phagocytizing, processing, and presenting the antigen to the T lymphocytes. Also secretes cytokines and is involved in destruction of microorganisms, intracellular parasites, and tumors.

23
Q

Which cell is the precursor to the macrophage?

A

The monocyte

24
Q

What are the primary lymphoid tissues?

A

Bone marrow and thymus

25
Q

What are the secondary lymphoid tissues?

A

Spleen, lymph nodes, and MALT, tonsils.

26
Q

Where do B lymphocytes develop?

A

In the bone marrow

27
Q

Which cluster of differentiation markers are associated with B cells?

A

CD 19, 20, and 21

28
Q

What are memory B lymphs?

A

Cells in a clone of stimulated B cells that do not differentiate into plasma cells, but never tot a resting state in the lymphoid follicles. They are responsible for accelerated secondary response.

29
Q

What is the normal T cell:B ratio?

A

8:1

30
Q

Where do T lymphs develop their identifying characteristics?

A

In the thymus

31
Q

Which CD markers are associated with T cells?

A

CD 2,3,4, and 8

32
Q

CD4 cells are known as…

A

T4 or helper/inducer cells

33
Q

CD8 cells are known as…

A

T8 or suppressor/cytotoxic cells

34
Q

What role do CD4 cells play in the immune response?

A

Activating B cells and cytotoxic T cells

35
Q

What are natural killer (NK) cells?

A

Large granular lymphs that destroy target cells by an extracellular nonphagocytic mechanisms referred to as cytotoxic reaction. They are the first line of defense against viral-infected cells and tumor cells.

36
Q

What is the lag or latent phase?

A

Time it takes for antibody to be detected following exposure to an antigen, usually takes around 5-7 days.

CAPSTONE (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions