Parasitology Flashcards
What do you call the organisms that live ___ or _____ other living organisms, at whose expense they _____ some advantage
- parasite
- on
- in
- gain
• Any organism in which the parasite lives
•Host
A relationship in which one species of organism lives on or within another organism, with the parasite living at the expense and often causing harm to the host
•Parasitism
The association of two different species in which the ________ species lives on or within the other and has a ________on the ______ host species
Parasitism
- smaller
- metabolic dependence
- larger
Damage to Host:
*________ - tissue and organ damage
* ______- parasite-induced enzyme activity
*_______ - eosinophilia, local inflammation
*______ - heavy infection causing anemia
*________- immunocompromised host
Trauma
Lytic action
Tissue response
Blood loss
Secondary infections
At what EXPENSE does the host encounter when the parasite causes harm
- _______ or _______ abode
- Stimulate an ______ response
- Rob the host of ______
- Permanent, temporary
- immune
- nutrition
What type of parasite where it visits its host for short period of time? Give example
Temporary or partial
- adult dog flea
What do type of parasite that leads a parasitic life throughout the whole period of its life? Give example
Permanent or total
- trichina worm
T OR F: the advantage of ectoparasite is they are safe from host immune system and easy dispersal
T
A type of parasite that lives when opportunity rises? Give example
Facultative or optional
- ancylostoma
T OR F: one of the disadvantage of ectoparasite is they are vulnerability to natural enemies
T
A type of parasite that cannot exist without a parasitic life? Example
Obligatory or compulsory
- taenia solium
T OR F: one of the disadvantage of ectoparasite is exposure to external environment, feeding more difficult
T
type of parasite that lives outside or on the surface of the host? Example
Ectoparasite or ectozoa
- lice
T OR F: dispersal is more difficult in ectoparasite?
F
Type of parasite that lives inside the body of the host? Example
Endoparasite or endozoa
- taenia saginaia
T OR F: endoparasites are vulnerable to host immune system?
T
What do you call a parasite that appear on unusual hosts?
Incidental
T OR F: endoparasites have hard time in feeding and they are not safe from natural enemies?
F
What do you call when a sheep liver fluke lives in cats or dogs?
Incidental
it is the invasion of the body by a pathogenic organism (except arthropods) with accompanying reactions of the host tissues to the presence of parasite
infection
A parasite that occasionally found in unusual locations in the host?
Erratic or aberrant
it is the establishment of arthropods on or within the host. give examples
infestation
- ticks
- insects
- mites
Ascaris found in liver instead of intestines
Erratic or aberrant
a type of host that harbors a parasite in the ________ or where the parasite undergoes reproduction
definitive or final host
- adult stage
They are parasites that have been swallowed and merely passes along the GIT of humans without establishment and exits via anus (feces)?
Coprozoic (spurious)
a type of host that harbors at larval stage or an asexual cycle of development takes place
intermediate host
a host where the parasite reaches sexual maturity and produces
definitive or final host
a host where some parasite develop in host but does not reach sexual maturity
intermediate host
a host that serves as a temporary refuge or vehicle for reaching an obligatory host
paratenic or transport host
a host that has no parasitic development
paratenic or transport host
a host that makes the parasite available for the transmission to another host
reservoir host
non-human animals that serve as sources of infection to human
reservoir host
not a normal host for the specific parasite
accidental host
a host that is naturally infected with certain species of parasite
natural host
it is the natural adaptability of a species of the parasite to a certain species or group of host.
host specificity
a degree to which a parasite species occur in associate with a host species
host specificity
certain parasites are ONLY able to infect a host
high host specificity
give example of high host specificity
pork tapeworm or taenia solium
certain parasite MAY BE able to infect a host
low host specificity
example of low host specificity
trichina worm or trichinella spiralis
T OR F: undercooked meals, walking barefoot are common sources of parasite infection
T
T OR F: contaminated water, mosquitos, pets, washed fruits and vegetables are are common sources of parasite infection
F (unwashed)
T OR F: travelling to third world countries can cause parasitic infection
T
What are the modes of infection
- filth-borne or contaminative
- soil or water borne
- food borne
- arthropod borne
personal hygiene and community sanitation lacking
filth borne or contaminative
T OR F: infectious stages remain viable to long periods in contaminated soil
T
soil or water can contain ______
eggs
T OR F: larvae can penetrate skin of bare feet or enter skin in infested water
T
inadequately cooked meats
food borne
it is the most difficult infection to control
arthropod borne
T OR F: congenital infections and sexual transmission is a possible way of acquiring parasitic infections
T
T OR F: you can not be infected through inhalation of dust carrying infective parasite
F (inhalation is possible)
a disease transmission which NOT ONLY transports a pathogen but ALSO PLAY a role in the life cycle of the pathogen. EXAMPLE
Biological vector
- mosquito
a disease transmission that ONLY transports a pathogen. EXAMPLE
mechanical vector
- fly
What are the common specimens used to detect parasites
natural secretions (stool, sputum, urine)
blood
what type of specimen is used to detect malaria?
blood specimen
natural secretion is used to detect _________ parasites
lumen-dwelling
T OR F: life cycle of a parasite ranges from simple to complex
T
T OR FALSE: a parasite life cycle only involves one host?
F (involves one or more host)
C OR T: it is dormant and in survival stage
cyst
C OR T: they are motile in which they feed, multiply, and maintain colony in the host
trophozoite
C OR T: infective stage
cyst
C OR T: vegetative stage
trophozoite
C OR T: they are immobile protected by _____ formed by the parasite
Cyst
- resistant walll
simple or complex life cycle: human is the definitive host
simple
Diagnostic or Infective stage: the stage at which parasites is capable of entering and continuing development within the host
infective stage
simple or complex life cycles: development stage is seen INSIDE the host
complex
Diagnostic or Infective stage: developmental stage of a parasite that can be detected in human body secretions
diagnostic stage
wormlike invertebrates
metazoan helminthes
state the phylum and class: roundworms (body round in cross-section)
Phylum Nemathelminthes
what phylum are flatworms?
Phylum Platyhelminthes
what phylum and class are tapeworms (body flattened and segmented)
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Class Cestoda
what phylum and class are trematodes and flukes (body flattened, leaf-shaped and non-segmented)
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Class Digenea
unicellular eukaryotic microorganism
protozoan
what phylum and class are organisms that move by means of PSEUDOPODIA
Phylum Sarcomastigophora
Class Lobosea
what phylum and class are organisms that move by means of FLAGELLA
Phylum Sarcomastigophora
Class Zoomastigophorea
what phylum and class are organisms that move by means of CILIA
Phylum Ciliophora
Class Kinetofragminophora
what phylum and class are organisms with both sexual and asexual reproductive cysts
Phylum Apicomplexa
Class Sporozea
possess a hard exoskeleton and jointed appendages
arthropods
what phylum and class are fleas, mosquitos, bugs, lice
Phylum Arthropoda
Class Insecta
what phylum and class are ticks and mites
Phylum Arthropoda
Class Arachnida
