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MicroPara > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

What do you call the organisms that live ___ or _____ other living organisms, at whose expense they _____ some advantage

A
  • parasite
  • on
  • in
  • gain
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2
Q

• Any organism in which the parasite lives

A

•Host

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3
Q

A relationship in which one species of organism lives on or within another organism, with the parasite living at the expense and often causing harm to the host

A

•Parasitism

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4
Q

The association of two different species in which the ________ species lives on or within the other and has a ________on the ______ host species

A

Parasitism
- smaller
- metabolic dependence
- larger

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5
Q

Damage to Host:
*________ - tissue and organ damage
* ______- parasite-induced enzyme activity
*_______ - eosinophilia, local inflammation
*______ - heavy infection causing anemia
*________- immunocompromised host

A

Trauma
Lytic action
Tissue response
Blood loss
Secondary infections

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6
Q

At what EXPENSE does the host encounter when the parasite causes harm

  • _______ or _______ abode
  • Stimulate an ______ response
  • Rob the host of ______
A
  • Permanent, temporary
  • immune
  • nutrition
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7
Q

What type of parasite where it visits its host for short period of time? Give example

A

Temporary or partial
- adult dog flea

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8
Q

What do type of parasite that leads a parasitic life throughout the whole period of its life? Give example

A

Permanent or total
- trichina worm

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9
Q

T OR F: the advantage of ectoparasite is they are safe from host immune system and easy dispersal

A

T

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10
Q

A type of parasite that lives when opportunity rises? Give example

A

Facultative or optional
- ancylostoma

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10
Q

T OR F: one of the disadvantage of ectoparasite is they are vulnerability to natural enemies

A

T

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11
Q

A type of parasite that cannot exist without a parasitic life? Example

A

Obligatory or compulsory
- taenia solium

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11
Q

T OR F: one of the disadvantage of ectoparasite is exposure to external environment, feeding more difficult

A

T

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12
Q

type of parasite that lives outside or on the surface of the host? Example

A

Ectoparasite or ectozoa
- lice

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12
Q

T OR F: dispersal is more difficult in ectoparasite?

A

F

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13
Q

Type of parasite that lives inside the body of the host? Example

A

Endoparasite or endozoa
- taenia saginaia

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13
Q

T OR F: endoparasites are vulnerable to host immune system?

A

T

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14
Q

What do you call a parasite that appear on unusual hosts?

A

Incidental

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14
Q

T OR F: endoparasites have hard time in feeding and they are not safe from natural enemies?

A

F

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15
Q

What do you call when a sheep liver fluke lives in cats or dogs?

A

Incidental

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15
Q

it is the invasion of the body by a pathogenic organism (except arthropods) with accompanying reactions of the host tissues to the presence of parasite

A

infection

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16
Q

A parasite that occasionally found in unusual locations in the host?

A

Erratic or aberrant

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16
Q

it is the establishment of arthropods on or within the host. give examples

A

infestation
- ticks
- insects
- mites

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17
Q

Ascaris found in liver instead of intestines

A

Erratic or aberrant

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17
Q

a type of host that harbors a parasite in the ________ or where the parasite undergoes reproduction

A

definitive or final host
- adult stage

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18
Q

They are parasites that have been swallowed and merely passes along the GIT of humans without establishment and exits via anus (feces)?

A

Coprozoic (spurious)

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18
Q

a type of host that harbors at larval stage or an asexual cycle of development takes place

A

intermediate host

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19
Q

a host where the parasite reaches sexual maturity and produces

A

definitive or final host

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20
Q

a host where some parasite develop in host but does not reach sexual maturity

A

intermediate host

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21
Q

a host that serves as a temporary refuge or vehicle for reaching an obligatory host

A

paratenic or transport host

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22
Q

a host that has no parasitic development

A

paratenic or transport host

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23
Q

a host that makes the parasite available for the transmission to another host

A

reservoir host

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24
Q

non-human animals that serve as sources of infection to human

A

reservoir host

25
Q

not a normal host for the specific parasite

A

accidental host

26
Q

a host that is naturally infected with certain species of parasite

A

natural host

27
Q

it is the natural adaptability of a species of the parasite to a certain species or group of host.

A

host specificity

28
Q

a degree to which a parasite species occur in associate with a host species

A

host specificity

29
Q

certain parasites are ONLY able to infect a host

A

high host specificity

30
Q

give example of high host specificity

A

pork tapeworm or taenia solium

31
Q

certain parasite MAY BE able to infect a host

A

low host specificity

32
Q

example of low host specificity

A

trichina worm or trichinella spiralis

33
Q

T OR F: undercooked meals, walking barefoot are common sources of parasite infection

A

T

34
Q

T OR F: contaminated water, mosquitos, pets, washed fruits and vegetables are are common sources of parasite infection

A

F (unwashed)

35
Q

T OR F: travelling to third world countries can cause parasitic infection

A

T

36
Q

What are the modes of infection

A
  • filth-borne or contaminative
  • soil or water borne
  • food borne
  • arthropod borne
37
Q

personal hygiene and community sanitation lacking

A

filth borne or contaminative

38
Q

T OR F: infectious stages remain viable to long periods in contaminated soil

A

T

39
Q

soil or water can contain ______

A

eggs

40
Q

T OR F: larvae can penetrate skin of bare feet or enter skin in infested water

A

T

41
Q

inadequately cooked meats

A

food borne

42
Q

it is the most difficult infection to control

A

arthropod borne

43
Q

T OR F: congenital infections and sexual transmission is a possible way of acquiring parasitic infections

A

T

44
Q

T OR F: you can not be infected through inhalation of dust carrying infective parasite

A

F (inhalation is possible)

45
Q

a disease transmission which NOT ONLY transports a pathogen but ALSO PLAY a role in the life cycle of the pathogen. EXAMPLE

A

Biological vector
- mosquito

46
Q

a disease transmission that ONLY transports a pathogen. EXAMPLE

A

mechanical vector
- fly

47
Q

What are the common specimens used to detect parasites

A

natural secretions (stool, sputum, urine)
blood

48
Q

what type of specimen is used to detect malaria?

A

blood specimen

49
Q

natural secretion is used to detect _________ parasites

A

lumen-dwelling

50
Q

T OR F: life cycle of a parasite ranges from simple to complex

A

T

51
Q

T OR FALSE: a parasite life cycle only involves one host?

A

F (involves one or more host)

52
Q

C OR T: it is dormant and in survival stage

A

cyst

53
Q

C OR T: they are motile in which they feed, multiply, and maintain colony in the host

A

trophozoite

54
Q

C OR T: infective stage

A

cyst

55
Q

C OR T: vegetative stage

A

trophozoite

56
Q

C OR T: they are immobile protected by _____ formed by the parasite

A

Cyst
- resistant walll

57
Q

simple or complex life cycle: human is the definitive host

A

simple

58
Q

Diagnostic or Infective stage: the stage at which parasites is capable of entering and continuing development within the host

A

infective stage

59
Q

simple or complex life cycles: development stage is seen INSIDE the host

A

complex

60
Q

Diagnostic or Infective stage: developmental stage of a parasite that can be detected in human body secretions

A

diagnostic stage

61
Q

wormlike invertebrates

A

metazoan helminthes

62
Q

state the phylum and class: roundworms (body round in cross-section)

A

Phylum Nemathelminthes

63
Q

what phylum are flatworms?

A

Phylum Platyhelminthes

64
Q

what phylum and class are tapeworms (body flattened and segmented)

A

Phylum Platyhelminthes
Class Cestoda

65
Q

what phylum and class are trematodes and flukes (body flattened, leaf-shaped and non-segmented)

A

Phylum Platyhelminthes
Class Digenea

66
Q

unicellular eukaryotic microorganism

A

protozoan

67
Q

what phylum and class are organisms that move by means of PSEUDOPODIA

A

Phylum Sarcomastigophora
Class Lobosea

68
Q

what phylum and class are organisms that move by means of FLAGELLA

A

Phylum Sarcomastigophora
Class Zoomastigophorea

69
Q

what phylum and class are organisms that move by means of CILIA

A

Phylum Ciliophora
Class Kinetofragminophora

70
Q

what phylum and class are organisms with both sexual and asexual reproductive cysts

A

Phylum Apicomplexa
Class Sporozea

71
Q

possess a hard exoskeleton and jointed appendages

A

arthropods

72
Q

what phylum and class are fleas, mosquitos, bugs, lice

A

Phylum Arthropoda
Class Insecta

73
Q

what phylum and class are ticks and mites

A

Phylum Arthropoda
Class Arachnida

MicroPara (7 decks)

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