Bacteria and Cells Flashcards
Acellular microorganisms
Viruses
Prions
Viroids
cellular eukaryotes
algae
protozoa
fungi
cellular procaryotes
Bacteria
Cyanobacteria
Archaea
what did the ancient greek propose?
miasma theory
first microbiologist to observe bacteria
anton van leeuwenhoek
created vaccine for rabies
luis pasteur “father of microbiology”
studied isolation of bacterial pure cultures using potato slices and gelatin
Robert Koch
requires an atmosphere containing molecular oxygen in concentrations comparable to that found in room air (20-21%) in order to grow & multiply
Obligate aerobe
requires oxygen for multiplication but in concentrations lower than that found in room air (about 5% oxygen)
Microaerophile / microaerophilic aerobe
can only grow in an environment containing no oxygen
Obligate anaerobe
does not require oxygen, grows better in the absence of oxygen, but can survive in atmospheres containing molecular oxygen
Aerotolerant anaerobe
capable of surviving in either the presence or absence of oxygen (0% to 20-21% oxygen)
Facultative anaerobe
Bacteria oxygen req na ara sa babaw ang tanan nga growth
Obligate aerobe
bacteria oxygen req na damo2 sa babaw pero dutay sa iban nga parts
Facultative anaerobe
bacteria oxygen req na even lang sa tanan
aeotolerant anaerobe
bacteria oxygen req na ara tanan sa dalom ang growth
strict anaerobe
grow better in the laboratory in the presence of increased concentrations of carbon dioxide
Capnophiles
nutritionally demanding / “fussy”
Fastidious bacteria
with a gram-negative cell wall; an obligate intracellular pathogen – appears to have a leaky cell membrane so it must live inside another cell to retain all necessary substances; transmitted by arthropod vectors
Rickettsia
with a gram-negative cell wall; an obligate intracellular pathogen – lacks the enzymes required to perform many essential metabolic activities, particularly production of ATP molecules (sometimes called energy parasites); transmitted by inhalation of aerosols or by direct contact between hosts
Chlamydia
does not produce oxygen; photosynthesis of purple & green bacteria
Anoxygenic photosynthesis
– produces oxygen; photosynthesis of cyanobacteria
Oxygenic photosynthesis
no cell wall; appears pleomorphic microscopically – assumes many shapes due to the lack of the cell wall; formerly called PPLO – pleuropneumonia-like organisms; free-living or parasitic and pathogenic to many plants and animals
Mycoplasma
widely distributed in nature – exist in pond or lake water under appropriate conditions, but may grow profusely in both freshwater & seawater; some produce toxins which are harmful to birds, domestic animal & wild animals that consume pond or lake water containing the toxins
Cyanobacteria
intracellular membranes in cyanobacteria where photosynthesis takes place; attached to the cell membrane at various points
thylakoids
single-celled simple organisms which are more closely related genetically to eukaryotes than they are to bacteria (type of rRNA possessed – sequences different from that of bacteria but more closely related to eukaryotes); w/cell wall but no peptidoglycan
ARCHAEANS
flagellum on one side of the pole
monotrichous bacterium
flagellum on both sides
amphitrichous bacterium
clustered flagellum on one side
lophotrichous bacterium
flagellum all over
peritrichous bacterium
highly resistant/ dormant structures
endospores
one cell goes through separation and becomes two cells
binary fission
only 1 cocci
single coccus
a pair of cocci
diplococcus
chain of cocci
streptococci
round rod of bacilli
coccobacillus
