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Microbiology FPP > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is parasitology

A

science that deals with organisms that depend on other living organisms for shelter and nourishment

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2
Q

What is medical parasitology

A

the study and medical implications of parasites that infect humans

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3
Q

What is helmintology and protozoologu

A

The study of helminths/worms and protozoans respectively

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4
Q

What is helminthology and protozoology

A

The study of helminths/worms and protozoans respectively

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5
Q

What is entomology

A

Study of arthropods

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6
Q

What is medical entomology

A

The branch of entomology that deals with arthropods that affect the health and well being of man and vertebrates

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7
Q

What is a parasite

A

a living organism that acquires some of its basic nutritional requirements through its intimate contact with another living organism”.

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8
Q

What are the 2 forms a parasite can be

A

simple unicellular protozoa or complex multicellular metazoa

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9
Q

What are the 2 forms a parasite can be

A

simple unicellular protozoa or complex multicellular metazoa

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10
Q

What are eukaryotes

A

a cell with a well-defined chromosome in a membrane-bound nucleus

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11
Q

What are all parasites (Euk/Prok)

A

Eukaryotes

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12
Q

Define a host

A

the organism in, or on, which the parasite lives and causes harm

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13
Q

What’s a definitive host

A

the organism in which the adult or sexually mature stage of the parasite lives

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14
Q

What’s an intermediate host

A

“the organism in which the parasite lives during a period of its development only”

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15
Q

What is zoonosis

A

A disease of an animal that infects man

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16
Q

What is a vector

A

A living carrier (arthropod) that Carrie’s a pathogenic organism form an infected host to a non infected host

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17
Q

What is the universal system for the classification of parasites

A

there is no universally accepted system

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18
Q

How many species and phyla of parasites are there

A

800,000 identified species categorized into 33 phyla (but it is estimated that there may be ~10m species in total)

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19
Q

What are the sub kingdoms of parasites

A

protozoa (unicellular) and metazoa (multicellular)

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20
Q

How are protozoan parasites categorized

A

according to morphology and means of locomotion.

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21
Q

What phylum do most parasite species that cause human disease belong to

A

phylums sarcomastigophora and apicomplexa

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22
Q

How are metazoans (helminths and arthropods) categorized

A

According to site of infection; intestinal, blood and tissue parasites , cutenous, urogenital etc

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23
Q

What are some phyla the protozoan divided into

A

Sarcomastigophora
Apicomplexa (sporozoa)
Ciliophora (ciliates)
Microsporidia

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24
Q

What are the sun phyla under sarcomastigophora

A

Sarcodina (amoebae)
Mastigophora (flagelletes)

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25
Q

What’s the mode of movement for sarcodina

A

Pseudopodia

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26
Q

What’s the mode of movement for the mastigophora

A

Flagella

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27
Q

What’s the organelle of locomotion for apicomplexa (sporozoa)

A

No organelle of locomotion

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28
Q

What kind of life cycle do apicomplexa (sporozoa) have

A

A complex life cycle with alternating sexual and asexual reproductive phases

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29
Q

What’s the mode of locomotion for ciliophora (ciliates)

A

Cilia

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30
Q

What’s the mode of locomotion for ciliophora

A

Cilia

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31
Q

What is microsporidia

A

A spore forming parasite

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32
Q

What is a genus under sarcodina

A

Entamoeba

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33
Q

What is a genus under mastigophora

A

Giardia

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34
Q

What is a genus under apicomplexa (ciliates)

A

Plasmodium

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35
Q

What is a genus under ciliophora

A

Balantidium

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36
Q

What’s a genus under ciliophora

A

Balantidium

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37
Q

What’s a genus under microsporidia

A

Enterocytozoa

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38
Q

Example of a specie under entamoeba

A

E. histolytica

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39
Q

Example of a specie under Giardia

A

G. lamblia

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40
Q

Examples of a specie under plasmodium

A

P. falciparum
P. vivac
P. malariæ
P. ovale
P. knowlesi

41
Q

Example of a specie under Balantidium

A

B. coli

42
Q

Example of a specie under enterocytozoa

A

E. bienusi

43
Q

What are the types of parasites according to mode of locomotion

A

– Amoebae - pseudopodia;
– Flagellates - flagella;
– Ciliates - cilia and
– Sporozoa – absence of locomototion.

44
Q

What are the types of parasites According to degree of pathogenicity

A

– (I) pathogenic;
– (2) Non-pathogenic (commensals);
– (3) opportunistic

45
Q

Helminths of humans belong to what 2 major phyla

A

Nematoda (roundworms) and Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

46
Q

What are the 2 subdivisions of platylhelminthis

A

Trematoda (flukes) and Cestoda (tapeworms)

47
Q

2 examples of phyla under metazoa

A

Nematoda (roundworms)
Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)

48
Q

What are 2 examples of phyla under metazoa

A

Nematoda (Roundworm)
Platyhelminthes (Flatworm)

49
Q

Describe the nematoda phyla

A

Appear round in cross section
They have body cavities
The have a straight alimentary canal and an anus

50
Q

Describe the platyhelminthes

A

Dorsoventrally flattened
No body cavity (and if present,)
Alimentary canal is blind ending

51
Q

What are some classes under Platyhelminthes

A

Cestoda (tapeworms)
Trematoda (flukes)

52
Q

Where are cestpdes (tapeworms) found

A

Intestine of the host

53
Q

What body parts do cestpdes (tapeworms) have

A

A head (scolex)
Sucking organs
Segmented body
NO alimentary canal

54
Q

What about each body segment of cestodes (tapeworms)

A

Each body segment of hermaphrodite

55
Q

Describe trematodes

A

Non segmented
Leaf shaped
2 suckers but NO distinct head
They have an alimentary canal
Usually hermaphrodite

56
Q

What’s the exception of trematodes that’s thread like with separate sexes

A

Schistosomes

57
Q

What are examples of genus under nematode

A

Ascaris (round worm)
Tichuris (whip worm)
Ancylostoma (hook worm)
Necator (hook worm)
Enterobius (pin worm or thread worm
Strongyloides

58
Q

What’s an example of genus under cestoda

A

Tænia (tapeworm)

59
Q

What are examples of genus under trematodes

A

Fasciolopsis (liver fluke)
Schistosoma

60
Q

What are the 2 groups of parasites According to their anatomical habitat in human

A

Ectoparasites
Endoparasites

61
Q

What is an ectoparasite

A

a parasite that lives on the external surface of another living organism” ( Parasitizing the skin surface)

62
Q

Examples of ectoparasites

A

Lice
Ticks

63
Q

What is an endoparasite

A

a parasite that lives within another living organism

64
Q

Examples of endoparasites

A

malaria,
Giardia

65
Q

10 examples of amoebæ (intestinal)

A

–Entamoeba histolytica
–Entamoeba dispar*
– Entamoeba hartmanni
–Entamoeba coli
–Entamoeba polecki
–Endolimax nana
–Iodamoeba butschlii
–Blastocystis hominis
-Entamoeba gingivalis
- Entamoeaba moshkovskii
- Entamoeba invadens

66
Q

7 Example of flagellates (intestinal)

A

•Giardia lamblia
•Chilomastix mesnili
•Dientamoeba fragilis
•Trichomonas hominis
•Enteromonas hominis
•Retortamonas intestinalis
•Histonomas meleagridis

67
Q

Example of intestinal ciliates

A

Balantidium coli

68
Q

5 examples of intestinal coccidia

A

–Cryptosporidium parvum
–Cyclospora cayetanensis
–Isospora belli
–Sarcocystis hominis
–Sarcocystis suihominis

69
Q

Examples of microsporidia (intestinal)

A

–Enterocytozoon bieneusi
–Encephalitozoon intestinalis

70
Q

Examples of Blood and tissue Sporozoa

A

•Plasmodium vivax
•Plasmodium ovale
•Plasmodium malariae
•Plasmodium falciparum
•Babesia species

70
Q

Examples of Blood and tissue Sporozoa

A

•Plasmodium vivax
•Plasmodium ovale
•Plasmodium malariae
•Plasmodium falciparum
•Babesia species

70
Q

What are the 2 major blood and tissue approximately diseases

A

Malaria and babesiosis

70
Q

What are the 2 major blood and tissue approximately diseases

A

Malaria and babesiosis

71
Q

Examples of blood and tissue flagellates

A

•Leishmania tropica complex
•Leishmania mexicana complex
•Leishmania braziliensis complex
•Leishmania donovani complex
•Leishmania peruviana
•Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
•Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
•Trypanosoma cruzi
•Trypanosoma rangeli

72
Q

Example of amoeba in other body sites

A

–Naegleria fowleri
–Acanthamoeba species
–Entamoeba gingivalis
–Balamuthia mandrillaris (Leptomyxid ameba)

73
Q

Example of flagellates, in other body sites

A

–Trichomonas vaginalis
–Trichomonas tenax

74
Q

Example of coccidia in other sites of the body

A

–Toxoplasma gondii
–Sarcocystis “lindemanni”

75
Q

What are 10 examples of microsporidia in other sites of the body

A

–Nosema connori (eyes)
–Vittaforma corneae (eyes)
–Pleistophora ronneafiei (muscle)
–Trachipleistophora hominis (eyes,muscle)
–Brachiola
–Encephalitozoon hellum (eyes)
–Encephalitozoon cuniculli (systemic)
–Encephalitozoon intestinalis (SI)
–Encephalitozoon bienusi
–microsporidium spp. (eyes)
–Enterocytozoon bienusi (SI, biliary tree)

• Anncaliia algerae (Eyes, muscle)
• Anncaliia connori (Systemic)
• Anncaliia vesicularum (Muscle)

76
Q

Examples of intestinal nematodes

A

–Ascaris lumbricoides
–Enterobius vermicularis
–Ancylostoma duodenale
–Necator americanus
–Strongyloides stercoralis
–Trichostrongylus species
–Trichuris trichiura
–Capillaria philippinensis

77
Q

Example of intestinal cestodes

A

–Diphyllobothrium latum
–Dipylidium caninum
–Hymenolepis nana
–Hymenolepis diminuta
–Taenia solium
–Taenia saginata

78
Q

Examples of intestinal trematodes

A

–Fasciolopsis buski
–Echinostoma ilocanum
–Heterophyes heterophyes
–Metagonimus yokogawai

79
Q

10 Examples of blood and tissue nematodes

A

–Trichinella spiralis
–Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati (Visceral larva migrans and Ocular larva migrans
–Ancylostoma braziliense and Ancylostoma caninum (Cutaneous larva migrans)
–Dracunculus medinensis
–Angiostrongylus cantonensis
–Angiostrongylus costaricensis
–Gnathostoma spinigerum
–Anisakis spp. ,Phocanema spp., contaceacum spp. (larva from saltwater fish)
–Eustrongilides spp.
–Capillaria hepatica
–Thelazia spp.
–Gnathostoma spp.

80
Q

Example of filarial worms (nematodes) in the blood and tissue

A

–Wuchereria bancrofti
–Brugia malayi
–Brugia timori
–Loa loa
–Onchocerca volvulus
–Mansonella ozzardi
–Mansonella streptocerca
–Mansonella perstans
–Dirofilaria immitis (usually lung lesion; in dogs, heartworm)
–Dirofilaria spp. (subcutaneous nodules)

81
Q

Examples of tissue cestodes (Larva form)

A

–Taenia solium
–Echinococcus granulosus
–Echinococcus multilocularis
–Taenia multiceps (formerly Multiceps multiceps)
–Taenia serialis
–Spirometra mansonoides
–Spirometra mansoni
–Diphyllobothrium spp.

82
Q

Examples of trematodes in the liver/lungs

A

–Clonorchis (Opisthorchis) sinensis
–Opisthorchis viverrini
–Fasciola hepatica
–Paragonimus westermani
–Paragonimus mexicanus
–Paragonimus species

83
Q

Examples of trematodes in the blood

A

–Schistosoma mansoni
–Schistosoma haematobium
–Schistosoma japonicum
–Schistosoma intercalatum
–Schistosoma mekongi

84
Q

List 5 classes under Arthropods

A
  • Diplopoda
  • Chilopoda
  • Crustacea
  • Arachnida
  • Insecta
85
Q

Example of diplopoda

A

Millipedes

86
Q

Example of Chilopoda

A

Centipedes

87
Q

Examples of Crustacea

A

–Copepoda: copepods (Cyclops)
–Decapoda: crayfish, lobsters, crabs

88
Q

Examples of arachnida

A

–Scorpiones: scorpions
–Araneae: spiders (black widow, brown recluse)
–Acari (ticks; Dermacentor, Ixodes, Argas, Ornithodoros)
–Mites (Sarcoptes)

89
Q

Examples of insecta

A

–Anoplura: sucking lice (Pediculus, Phthirus)
–Siphonaptera: fleas (Pulex, Xenopsylla, etc.)
–Dictyoptera: cockroaches
–Hemiptera: true bugs (Triatoma)
–Hymenoptera: bees, wasps, etc.
–Coleoptera: beetles
–Lepidoptera: butterflies, caterpillars, moths, etc.
–Diptera: flies, mosquitoes, gnats, midges

90
Q

Examples of pentastomids in the tissue (larval form)

A

•Armillifer species
•Linguatula serrata
•Sebekia species

91
Q

What are pentastomoids

A

Tongue worms

92
Q

Examples of pentastomoids in the nasopharyngeal tract (adult form)

A

•Armillifer species
•Linguatula serrata

93
Q

Examples of Acanthocephalans (thorny headed worms) in the intestines

A

Macrocanthorynchus hirudinace

94
Q

What are Macrocanthorynchus hirudinace

A

Thorny headed worms

95
Q

Where are the adult pentastomoids found

A

Nasopharyngeal tract

96
Q

Where are larval pentastomoids found

A

Tissue

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