Parasitic Protozoa

Question 1

Glycocalyx

Answer 1

(glycoprotein coat), which provides important binding sites to host cells and the immunity

Question 2

Kinetoplast

Answer 2

The kinetoplast is a disc made of circular
mitochondrial DNA (kDNA) that exists near the
kinetosome of the kinetoplastids.

Question 3

Extrusomes

Answer 3

These are an unusual membrane bound organelles which originate in the dictyosome and come to lie beneath the cell membrane.

When stimulated they fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents to the exterior.

Question 4

Dictyosomes

Answer 4

the Golgi apparatus can occur as a parasite para-basal body in association with kinetosomes (basal bodies) of flagellates.

it can be a source of skeletal plates in some ameba and the microfilaments in microsporidian parasites.

Question 5

Pellicle

Answer 5

defined as separate layer of microtubules found beneath the plasma membrane, but may extend in ridges or undulating membranes of flagella.

Question 6

Trichosomes

Answer 6

Extrusomes when used for mechanical resistance, they will be called trichocysts.

Question 7

Haptosomes

Answer 7

When the material is used to paralyze preys, Extrusomes will be called haptosomes.

Question 8

Toxisomes

Answer 8

When the released material is a defensive toxin, Extrusomes are named
Toxisomes.

Question 9

Contractile vacuoles

Answer 9

osmoregulatory organelles to release excess water into the hypotonic medium. This is if not found in species living in marine hypertonic water.

Question 10

Axoneme

Answer 10

As in flagella of other eukaryotes, the axoneme consist of 9 peripheral and one central pairs of microtubules

The axoneme arise from a kinetosome (basal body), which is similar to the centriole and lie at the bottom of flagellar pocket or reservoir.

Question 11

Flagella

Answer 11

Flagellar movements are generally made in helical
waves that produce waves in the opposite direction.
The resulting movement can be slow or very fast.

Question 12

Cilia

Answer 12

Cilia are structurally similar to the flagella, but they

beat regularly in a back and forth stroke

Question 13

Pseudopodia

Answer 13

Pseudopodia are temporary extensions of the cell membrane, found in amoebas. They work in locomotion and feeding (phagocytosis).

Question 14

Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 14

First to discover heterotrophic eukaryotic microorganisms

Question 15

Protozoan form

Answer 15

Single cell, one or more than one nucleus

Question 16

Endoplasm

Answer 16

found in the sol (semiliquid) state, and contains the nucleus, mitochondrion
and Golgi apparatus.

Question 17

Ectoplasm

Answer 17

in the gel state and functions in maintaining the shape.

Question 18

Mitochondria

Answer 18

The mitochondria of protozoans differ from eukaryotes by having tubular rather than laminar cristae.

Question 19

Peroxisomes

Answer 19

Microbodies (peroxisomes) contain oxidase and catalase enzymes. The oxidase reduces oxygen to hydrogen peroxide, while the catalase decomposes the hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.

Peroxisomes are found in many aerobic protozoans

In anaerobic protozoans, the peroxisome are called hydrogenosomes because
they produce molecular hydrogen (e.g., parasitic Trichomonas spp).

Question 20

Kinetocysts

Answer 20

Extrusomes when used in food capture they are called kinetocysts.

Question 21

Mucosomes

Answer 21

Extrusomoes, named mucosomes provide mucous coating of celiate
cells as protection form osmotic shocks.