Parasitic Protozoa Flashcards
Glycocalyx
(glycoprotein coat), which provides important binding sites to host cells and the immunity
Kinetoplast
The kinetoplast is a disc made of circular
mitochondrial DNA (kDNA) that exists near the
kinetosome of the kinetoplastids.
Extrusomes
These are an unusual membrane bound organelles which originate in the dictyosome and come to lie beneath the cell membrane.
When stimulated they fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents to the exterior.
Dictyosomes
the Golgi apparatus can occur as a parasite para-basal body in association with kinetosomes (basal bodies) of flagellates.
it can be a source of skeletal plates in some ameba and the microfilaments in microsporidian parasites.
Pellicle
defined as separate layer of microtubules found beneath the plasma membrane, but may extend in ridges or undulating membranes of flagella.
Trichosomes
Extrusomes when used for mechanical resistance, they will be called trichocysts.
Haptosomes
When the material is used to paralyze preys, Extrusomes will be called haptosomes.
Toxisomes
When the released material is a defensive toxin, Extrusomes are named
Toxisomes.
Contractile vacuoles
osmoregulatory organelles to release excess water into the hypotonic medium. This is if not found in species living in marine hypertonic water.
Axoneme
As in flagella of other eukaryotes, the axoneme consist of 9 peripheral and one central pairs of microtubules
The axoneme arise from a kinetosome (basal body), which is similar to the centriole and lie at the bottom of flagellar pocket or reservoir.
Flagella
Flagellar movements are generally made in helical
waves that produce waves in the opposite direction.
The resulting movement can be slow or very fast.
Cilia
Cilia are structurally similar to the flagella, but they
beat regularly in a back and forth stroke
Pseudopodia
Pseudopodia are temporary extensions of the cell membrane, found in amoebas. They work in locomotion and feeding (phagocytosis).
Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek
First to discover heterotrophic eukaryotic microorganisms
Protozoan form
Single cell, one or more than one nucleus
Endoplasm
found in the sol (semiliquid) state, and contains the nucleus, mitochondrion
and Golgi apparatus.
Ectoplasm
in the gel state and functions in maintaining the shape.
Mitochondria
The mitochondria of protozoans differ from eukaryotes by having tubular rather than laminar cristae.
Peroxisomes
Microbodies (peroxisomes) contain oxidase and catalase enzymes. The oxidase reduces oxygen to hydrogen peroxide, while the catalase decomposes the hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
Peroxisomes are found in many aerobic protozoans
In anaerobic protozoans, the peroxisome are called hydrogenosomes because
they produce molecular hydrogen (e.g., parasitic Trichomonas spp).
Kinetocysts
Extrusomes when used in food capture they are called kinetocysts.
Mucosomes
Extrusomoes, named mucosomes provide mucous coating of celiate
cells as protection form osmotic shocks.
