parasitic infections Flashcards
define parasites
organism that live in the host and depend on it for nutrition
two types, eonisiphilia? multi/single cells and how they transmit
protozoa (single cells with NO eonisophilia, transmit via INSECTS), and metazoa (multicellular that causes eonisophilia,, transmit directly in HUMANS)
examples of protoazoa
ameboa (most common is e.histolytica), coccidia (most important is plasmodium) eg toxoplasma, flagellates (most important giardia) ie have flagella, and cilites ie have cilia:
how ameobia work and consequences
via cysts in faeces/food which release TROPHOZOITES to cause ulcers in large intestine= BLOODY diarrhoea
consequence of malaria
CYCLICAL fever (ie alternate days) due to rupture of RBC’S
leishmania: types and include transformation
parasite transmitted by SANDFLY: either promastigote (flagellated) or amastigote (non-flagellated): promastigotes are infective, are phagocytosed in macrophages and mature in then, and then become amastigotes
types of infections caused by parasites
localised cutaenous (causes ulcers on skin), diffuse cutaenous (doesn’t cause ulcers), mucocutaenous (skin around mouth), and (leads to hepatosplenomegaly)
types of metazoa
roundworm, taenia (tapeworm) and flukes
roundworm- route of transmission and effects+ diagnosis
faecal/oral: casues pneumonia in LUNGS via EONISOPHILIA, and also has GI side effects: diagnosed via eonisophilia+ eggs in stool
hookworm: transmission, how it gets from lungs to GI tract, effect, and diagnosis
enter via FEET, go to lungs, make their way up and swallowed into GI tract, and leads to IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA: diagnosis same as roundworm
wuchereria bancrofti- effect and diagnosis
helminth parasite causes ELEPHANTIASIS (lymphoedema in legs)+ eonisophilia- diagnosed by BLOOD smear
loa loa
transmitted by deer flies- effects conjuctiva of eyes, diagnosed by blood smear
tapeworms
via ingestion of undercooked food- usully no symptoms, diagnosed by stool
type of tape worm that is pathogenic
NEUROCYSTERICOSIS- causes swiss cheese appearance on MRI= CNS effects
schistosomiasis- who most at risk, species, transmission and effects
transmitted via mansoni, japonicum and haematobium: infects bladder (haematuria) as well as liver (jaundice)- swimmers most at risk, transmitted by snails
