immunology to fungal infections Flashcards
immunity to fungal infection with most important cytokine
pentraxin 3 needed for opsonisation- phagocytes and NK cells important (NK produces INTERFERON GAMMA), then TH1 and TH17 important for adaptive response
most important innate pattern recognition receptor for fungal immunity and risk
TOLL like receptors- loss of TLR4= high risk of ASPERGILLOSIS
genetic deficiencies leading to fungal infections and consequences
absence of DECTIN 1 (carbohydrate receptors)= less IL6: also deficiency of CARD9 (adaptor protein dowstream to dectin 1)= less TNF alpha, and TH17, and mutations of PLASMINOGEN, leading to CHRONIC MUCOCUTAENOUS CANDIDIASIS and ASPERGILLOSIS
importance of macrophages vs neutrophils in ASPERGILLUS and how neutrophils work
macrophages not so important, neutrophils are: neutrophils produce NETS
immunity difference in unicellular vs multicellular fungi and what controls this
produce TH1 response vs TH2 response, controlled by DENDRITIC CELLS
adoptive immunotherapy for fungal infection
produce antifungal T cells from stem cells, and put them in a patient
gene therapy for immunodeficiencyes
often used for CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS disorder to restore neutrophil nets
damage response framework- infections vs allergies
a weak immune system will lead to fungal INFECTIONS, a strong one will lead to fungal ALLERGIES
how you get fungal allergies- main example and which hypersensitivity reactions
inhaling fungal spores, particularly due to ASPERGILLUS, leading to type 1/3/4 hypersensitivity reacitons
allergic bronchopulmonary aspegillosis- cells invovled, and diagnosis
TH2/17 mediated RATHER than TH1, leading to high IgE, high eonisophils, and a skin test showing aspegillosis- causing lung collapse due to big mucus plugs
how to treat ABPA
corticosteroids, IgE antibodies, and ITRACONAZOLE
