parasites and fungi Flashcards
giardia method of spread
contaminated water, or faecal-oral
giardia mimics what condition
coeliac! - diarrhoea, malaise, foul smelling fatty stool, abdo cramps, wt loss
toxoplasmosis - method of spread
pseudocyst from uncooked meat / cat faeces (cat definite host, livestock intermediate host)
(or via placenta, or transplant/transfusion)
classic triad of congenital toxoplasmosis
chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, cerebral calcifications
giardia vs cryptosporidium - types of diarrhoea
giardia = osmotic + secretory diarrhoea
cryptosporidium = secretory diarrhoea
Drugs for the following:
• Toxoplasmosis
• Entamoeba histolytica
• Giardia
• Strongyloides
• Tapeworm
• Schistosomiasis
• Toxoplasmosis: pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine
• Entamoeba histolytica: metronidazole, tinidazole
• Giardia: metronidazole, tinidazole
• Strongyloides: ivermectin/ albendazole
• Tapeworm: Praziquantel
• Schistosomiasis: Praziquantel
nematodes (roundworms) and flukes/flat/tapeworms:
- name the ones we care about
- how they are spread
- and the animal they are associated with if relevant
nematodes
1. Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) - FO
2. Ascaris lumbricoides (large intestinal roundworm) - FO
3. Strongyloides stercoralis - skin penetration
other
1. schistosomiasis - skin penetration, snail!
2. Echinococcus granulosus - FO, pig!
3. Taenia solium – cysticercosis - FO, cattle/pig
Enterobius vermicularis - causes WHAT key symptom and why?
peri-anal itching worse at night!- develop into adults in intestine, travel to perianal region to lay eggs
what is broncho-tracheal migration and which yuckies do this
- eat egg > burrows out of GI to blood > portal system to lungs to cause pneumonitis > swallowed mucous > back to GI!
- ascaris, strongyloides, echinoccus
the 4 possible clinical manifestations of schistosomiasis
- asymptomatic
- swimmer’s itch
- acute schisto i.e. Katayama syndrome: serum sickness like syndrome
- chronic schisto (in all major organs - GI, GU, liver, lungs, brain)
fbe findings in schistosomiasis
fbe - anaemia (GI/GU blood loss), low plt (splenomegaly), eosinophilia
parasite + seizure, think of WHAT
neurocysticercosis
waxing and waning GI / cutaneous / pulmonary symptoms think WHAT yuckie
strongyloides
fungal examination under wood light will look like what?
green
examples of yeast vs moulds
yeast = candida, cryptococcus
mould = aspergillus, zygometes
dimorphic fungi - examples and basically what do we treat them al with
Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Cocciodes - itraconazole / lipo-ampho
what causes mucormycoses?
zygometes
India ink = what organism
cryptococcus
treatment for cryptococcus
acute: ampho + flucytosine for 2/52
longer or mild only: azole for 6-12mo (flucon/itra)
IC: lifelong flucon prophylaxis
the four major candidas and their treatment
- Candida albicans = amphotericin, azoles, + echinocandins
- Candida glabrata = amphotericin B (most R to azoles)
- Candida krusei = amphotericin B first line (R-AF to flucon, less for vori)
- Candida lusitaniae = azoles ok, R to amphotericin
Paronychia and onychomycosis: affects toes or fingers more
fingers > toes
candida auris - what and why do we care
often MDR, hard to grow/mis-identified, and often spread in healthcare setting
chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis - what is it?
genetic condition - primary defect in T cell responsiveness to candida
present with chronic severe candida infections
4 presentations of non-invasive aspergillosis
- aspergilloma
- chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
- sinusitis
- otomycosis
