gram negatives Flashcards
why is Hib so virulent in younger kiddos?
< 2 y unable to mount antibody response to polysaccharide capsule even after invasive infection
what major group of patients is Hib particular bad in?
functional or true asplenia - spleen plays important role in immunity against encapsulated bacteria
Treatment of: Hib pertussis N.meningitidis non-typhoid salmonella bartonella
Hib = ampicillin pertussis = azith/clarith N.meningitidis = ceftriaxone non-typhoid salmonella = 3rd gen ceph bartonella = azith
moraxella catarrhalis mostly causes what kind of infections
otitis media/sinusitis
pertussis - describe the bacteria morphology
Gram negative pleomorphic bacillus
classic progression of pertussis
- catarrhal: 1-2 weeks nonspecific
- paroxysmal: 2-8 weeks of cough with whoop
- convalescent phase
complications of pertussis
a. Apnoea
b. Seizures
c. Refractory pneumonia
d. encephalopathy
antibiotics in pertussis: do they help?
reduce infectivity, but not great evidence they alter course of disease
who requires Abx prophylaxis for pertussis
close contact whilst index infectious +
within 14 days +
for child: anyone <3vax or <6mo
for adult: 3rd trim pregnancy /HCW / childcare worker
efficacy of pertussis vaccine
85%
remember immunised can get pertussis, just mild form
clinical manifestations of meningococcal disease
- sepsis with progressive non-blanching petechial/purpuric rash
- meningo-encephalitis
- rarer: pneumonia / septic arthritis / pharyngitis / myocarditis
4.
prophylaxis Rx for Hib and N.meningitidis contacts
rifampicin!
non-typhoid salmonella: non-enteritis manifestations in 3 very specific populations
i. Reactive arthritis (HLA B27 +ve individuals)
ii. Osteomyelitis (sickle cell disease)
iv. Toxic megacolon (IBD)
1st and 2nd most common cause of childhood OM
staph aureus
kingella kingae
burkholderia from what region
NT
pseudomonas causes what skin lesion
ecthyma gangrenosum: haemorrhagic pustules that evolve into necrotic ulcers.
clinical manifestations of shigella
dysentery - bloody stool neuro sx inc. tonic clonic seizures (esp in children) SIADH HUS reiter syndrome
weird risk factor for cholera
blood group O
GBS in children - a/w WHICH organisms
- **camypolobacter jejuni **
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- CMV
- EBV
rice water diarrhoea =
= cholera, from flecks of intestinal mucous in stool
cholera incubation period vs time to deydration/severe electrolyte imbalance
incubation hours to 3 days
but dehydration can happen within 4-12h of first diarrhoea/vomiting
complications of campylobacter jejuni (4)
- GBS
- reactive arthritis
- erythema nodosum
- toxic megacolon
campylobacter jejuni from where?
contaminated poultry/ raw milk , farm animals
and puppies!
yersinia causes symptoms like what two conditions
- appendicitis
2. KD
