Parasites

Question 1

Campers drank unpurified water
Bloating 
flatulence
foul smelling diarrhea
Steatorrhea

Answer 1

Giardia

Question 2

RUQ pain
anchovy paste liver lesions
intestinal ameobiasis
bloody diarrhea
trophozoitie with endocytosed RBC
Risk factors are eating/drinking contaminated food/drink
Men having sex with men

Answer 2

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 3

Severe, unrelenting diarrhea in AIDS patients
Mild, watery diarrhea in normal patients
Caused from Drinking unfiltered water

Answer 3

Cryptosporidium

do not get this confused with the fungus, cryptococcus neoformans

Question 4

Pregnant woman and immunocompromised are advised not to clean cat litter due to risk of this parasite
also found in raw meat, vegetables, and water
Causes: encephalitis

When transmitted to baby, causes:
Chorioretinitis
brain calcifications
hydrocephalis
deafness

Answer 4

Toxoplasma gondii

toxoplasmosis (TO in TORCH infections pneumonic)

Question 5

Traveler in Africa gets bit by Tsetse fly
Presents with
sleeping sickness
coma
cervical lymphadenopathy
fever
CNS deficits

Answer 5

Trypansomal brucei

Question 6

Fresh water parasite
Risk factor is water sports
enters cribriform plate
fever
meningitis
encephalitis
probable death

Answer 6

Naegleri fowleri

Question 7

"kissing bug" bites sleeping patient depositing feces, gets scratch in
10-20 years later presents with
Megacolon
Mega-esophagus
Dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 7

Trypanosoma cruzi

aka Chaga’s disease

Question 8

Erratic fever
Maltese cross is seen inside RBC
Jaundice
hemolytic anemia
what is the vector?

Answer 8

Babesia
Ixodes tick

note: if questions states there is a cycling fever, do NOT pick babesia. Dr. Puthoff explicitly told us this. Cycling means a regular predictable cycle, such as with brucella. This fever is erratic and unpredictable

Question 9

erratic fever or cyclical
occlusion of blood vessels to kidney, brain, and lungs
GI distress
"flu-like" symptoms
what is the vector
what are the different types?

Answer 9

Plasmodium
“Malaria”

Anopheles mosquito

Plasmodium Malarieae > quartan fever cycle (72 hours)
Plasmodium vivax/ovale > tertiary fever cycle (48 hours)
Plasmodium falciprum > erratic fever, version found in US! most severe!

Question 10

Visceral vs. cutaneous leishmaniasis

Answer 10

Visceral leishmaniasis aka Kala-azar (literally ‘black fever’)
caused from leishmania donovani
causes spiking fever, pancytopenia, and possibly death

Cutaneous leishmaniasis manifests as just non-descript skin lesions. caused by leishmania braziliensis

Question 11

STI
Malodorous yellow-green vaginal discharge
“strawberry cervix” cervicitis
vaginitis

Answer 11

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 12

Scientific name for round worm parasites

Answer 12

Nematodes

Question 13

Scientific name for flatworms

what two subcategories are there?

Answer 13

Platyhelminths
includes flukes > trematodes
and tapeworms > cestodes

Question 14

Lifecycle for several intenstinal nematodes

Answer 14

Eggs get into lungs by entering bloodstream through skin (such as feet) or through SI after ingestion.
Larva mature in the lungs, are coughed up and re-swallowed and are excreted or restart lifecycle. Yummy!

Question 15

Pinworm that protrudes out of human anus at night and lays eggs

Answer 15

Enterobius vermicularis

intenstinal nematode

Question 16

Enters blood stream through feet, proceeds through lifecycle,

Answer 16

Necator americanus and strongyloides stercoralis

intenstinal nematode

Question 17

Enters blood stream after ingestion

causes respiratory symptoms

Answer 17

Ascaris lumbricoides

intenstinal nematode

Question 18

Consumption of undercooked pork
fever
myalgias
periorbital edema
vomitting
cysts in skeletal muscle

Answer 18

Trichenella spiralis

intenstinal nematode

Question 19

Worms emerge from skin ulcers after maturation
found in contaminated water
treatment is to pull the worm out slowly and wrap it around a stick

Answer 19

Dracunulus medinensus

tissue nematode

Question 20

Causes river blindness

Answer 20

Onchocera volvulus

tissue nematode

Question 21

Elephantitis from long term obstructed lymph flow

Answer 21

Wuchereria bancrofti

tissue nematode

Question 22

Can literally see worm crawling across eye

Answer 22

Loa Loa (probably not high yield)
tissue nematode

Question 23

Tapeworm from eating undercooked cow

Answer 23

Taenia saginata

Question 24

Tapeworm from eating undercooked pig

serious side effect?

Answer 24

Taenia solium

can cause lesions throughout the body, particularly the brain called Neurocysticerosis

Question 25

Tapeworm from eating undercooked fish
largest tapeworm
can cause megaloplastic anemia (B12 defeciency)

Answer 25

Diphyllobothrium latum

Question 26

Tapeworm from eating undercooked sheep/dog

Answer 26

Echinococcus granulosus

Question 27

parasite acquired from freshwater swimming in water with snails who host the larva (Called cercariae)
Resides in veins associated with GI, liver, or bladder
cause swimmer’s itch
very common worldwide, second only to malaria

Answer 27

Schistosome (blood flukes)

trematodes

Question 28

An infection agent that is a misfolded protein that induces other normally structured protein to also misfold.
Is inherited and infectious

Answer 28

prion

aka transmissible spongiform encephalopathies

Question 29

Rapidly progressive dementia
psychiatric symptoms
ataxia
involuntary movements
elevated Tau protein in the CSF

Answer 29

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

a prion disease