Parasites Flashcards
Campers drank unpurified water Bloating flatulence foul smelling diarrhea Steatorrhea
Giardia
RUQ pain anchovy paste liver lesions intestinal ameobiasis bloody diarrhea trophozoitie with endocytosed RBC Risk factors are eating/drinking contaminated food/drink Men having sex with men
Entamoeba histolytica
Severe, unrelenting diarrhea in AIDS patients
Mild, watery diarrhea in normal patients
Caused from Drinking unfiltered water
Cryptosporidium
do not get this confused with the fungus, cryptococcus neoformans
Pregnant woman and immunocompromised are advised not to clean cat litter due to risk of this parasite
also found in raw meat, vegetables, and water
Causes: encephalitis
When transmitted to baby, causes: Chorioretinitis brain calcifications hydrocephalis deafness
Toxoplasma gondii
toxoplasmosis (TO in TORCH infections pneumonic)
Traveler in Africa gets bit by Tsetse fly Presents with sleeping sickness coma cervical lymphadenopathy fever CNS deficits
Trypansomal brucei
Fresh water parasite Risk factor is water sports enters cribriform plate fever meningitis encephalitis probable death
Naegleri fowleri
"kissing bug" bites sleeping patient depositing feces, gets scratch in 10-20 years later presents with Megacolon Mega-esophagus Dilated cardiomyopathy
Trypanosoma cruzi
aka Chaga’s disease
Erratic fever Maltese cross is seen inside RBC Jaundice hemolytic anemia what is the vector?
Babesia
Ixodes tick
note: if questions states there is a cycling fever, do NOT pick babesia. Dr. Puthoff explicitly told us this. Cycling means a regular predictable cycle, such as with brucella. This fever is erratic and unpredictable
erratic fever or cyclical occlusion of blood vessels to kidney, brain, and lungs GI distress "flu-like" symptoms what is the vector what are the different types?
Plasmodium
“Malaria”
Anopheles mosquito
Plasmodium Malarieae > quartan fever cycle (72 hours)
Plasmodium vivax/ovale > tertiary fever cycle (48 hours)
Plasmodium falciprum > erratic fever, version found in US! most severe!
Visceral vs. cutaneous leishmaniasis
Visceral leishmaniasis aka Kala-azar (literally ‘black fever’)
caused from leishmania donovani
causes spiking fever, pancytopenia, and possibly death
Cutaneous leishmaniasis manifests as just non-descript skin lesions. caused by leishmania braziliensis
STI
Malodorous yellow-green vaginal discharge
“strawberry cervix” cervicitis
vaginitis
Trichomonas vaginalis
Scientific name for round worm parasites
Nematodes
Scientific name for flatworms
what two subcategories are there?
Platyhelminths
includes flukes > trematodes
and tapeworms > cestodes
Lifecycle for several intenstinal nematodes
Eggs get into lungs by entering bloodstream through skin (such as feet) or through SI after ingestion.
Larva mature in the lungs, are coughed up and re-swallowed and are excreted or restart lifecycle. Yummy!
Pinworm that protrudes out of human anus at night and lays eggs
Enterobius vermicularis
intenstinal nematode
Enters blood stream through feet, proceeds through lifecycle,
Necator americanus and strongyloides stercoralis
intenstinal nematode
Enters blood stream after ingestion
causes respiratory symptoms
Ascaris lumbricoides
intenstinal nematode
Consumption of undercooked pork fever myalgias periorbital edema vomitting cysts in skeletal muscle
Trichenella spiralis
intenstinal nematode
Worms emerge from skin ulcers after maturation
found in contaminated water
treatment is to pull the worm out slowly and wrap it around a stick
Dracunulus medinensus
tissue nematode
Causes river blindness
Onchocera volvulus
tissue nematode
Elephantitis from long term obstructed lymph flow
Wuchereria bancrofti
tissue nematode
Can literally see worm crawling across eye
Loa Loa (probably not high yield) tissue nematode
Tapeworm from eating undercooked cow
Taenia saginata
Tapeworm from eating undercooked pig
serious side effect?
Taenia solium
can cause lesions throughout the body, particularly the brain called Neurocysticerosis
Tapeworm from eating undercooked fish
largest tapeworm
can cause megaloplastic anemia (B12 defeciency)
Diphyllobothrium latum
Tapeworm from eating undercooked sheep/dog
Echinococcus granulosus
parasite acquired from freshwater swimming in water with snails who host the larva (Called cercariae)
Resides in veins associated with GI, liver, or bladder
cause swimmer’s itch
very common worldwide, second only to malaria
Schistosome (blood flukes)
trematodes
An infection agent that is a misfolded protein that induces other normally structured protein to also misfold.
Is inherited and infectious
prion
aka transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
Rapidly progressive dementia psychiatric symptoms ataxia involuntary movements elevated Tau protein in the CSF
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
a prion disease
