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Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

Amoeboza Entamoeba histolytica

A

Flask-shape ulcer Plants irrigated with fecal matter water amebiasis (bloody diarrhea, colitis, appendicitis), extraintestinal amebiasis (liver)

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2
Q

Amoeboza Acanthamoeba castellanii

A

Free living Diving into a pool of water Keratitis in contact wearers, granulomatous encephalitis

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3
Q

Amoeboza Balamuthia mandrillaris

A

Free living Diving into a pool of water Granulomatous encephalitis

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4
Q

Amoeboza Naegleria fowleri

A

Free living Diving into a pool of water Meningoencephalitis

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5
Q

Sarcomastigophora Giardia lamblia

A

Looks like a kite with two eyes interferes with fat absorption Diarrhea with fatty stools

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6
Q

Sarcomastigophora Leishmania donovani

A

Kinetoplastid amastigotes in macrophages Sand fly vector Cutaneous leishmaniasis (Mexico), Visceral (Asia and Africa), Mucocutaneous (Brazil)

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7
Q

Sarcomastigophora Trypanosoma cruzi

A

Kinetoplastid amastigotes in muscle tissues Kissing (reduviid/triatominae) bug feces Romana (periorbital swelling), megacolon, dilated esophagus

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8
Q

Sarcomastigophora Trypanosoma brucei

A

Trypomastigote in blood Tsetse fly African sleeping sickness, VSG glycoprotein gene rearrangements (fever), demyelinating panencephalitis

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9
Q

Sarcomastigophora Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Corkscrew motility STI Urethritis, vaginitis

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10
Q

Apicomplexa Plasmodium spp. (Malaria)

A

Ring forms which grow into trophozoite, hemozoin iron, banana shaped organisms Mosquito injects sporozoite which form schizont (filled with merozoite) Malaria, dark urine (blackwater fever). P falciparum (malignant tertian w/ banana shaped gametocyte), vivax (benign tertian), malaria (quartan)

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11
Q

Apicomplexa Toxoplasma gondii

A

Infectious cysts in meat or cat feces Toxoplasmosis (TORCH syndrome), flu like

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12
Q

Apicomplexa Cryptosporidium parvum

A

Acid fast bacilli in stool Water with fecal material Watery diarrhea

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13
Q

Apicomplexa Cystoisospora belli

A

Acid fast oocysts Water with fecal material Diarrhea

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14
Q

Apicomplexa Babesia spp

A

NO hemozoin pigment Froom deer tick (Ixodes scapularis) Muscle pain, hemolysis, flu-like symptoms, DIC

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15
Q

Platyhelminthes T Schistosoma mansoni

A

Lateral spine Africa, South America, Caribbean Itchy rash, flu-like symptoms, liver (pipe-stem fibrosis), bloody diarrhea, hematuria, CNS inflammation

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16
Q

Platyhelminthes T Schistosoma hematobium

A

Terminal spine Can cause squamous cell carcinoma, Africa and Middle East Itchy rash, flu-like symptoms, liver (pipe-stem fibrosis), bloody diarrhea, hematuria, CNS inflammation

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17
Q

Platyhelminthes T Schistosoma japonicum

A

No spine Asia Itchy rash, flu-like symptoms, liver (pipe-stem fibrosis), bloody diarrhea, hematuria, CNS inflammation

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18
Q

Platyhelminthes T Austrobilharzia variglandis

A

Humans are an incidental host Cercarial dermatitis (itchy rash - swimmer’s itch)

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19
Q

Platyhelminthes T Paragonimus westermani

A

Eggs in sputum or lung biopsy (lung fluke) Eggs hatch in snail, snail eaten by crustacean, we eat undercooked crustacean Cough, abdominal pain, fever

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20
Q

Platyhelminthes T Fasciola hepatica

A

Sheep liver fluke Undercooked sheep/goat liver Pancreatitis, RUQ pain, cholecystitis

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21
Q

Platyhelminthes T Clonorchis sinensis

A

Oriental liver fluke Feed on bile, from undercooked fish RUQ pain, biliary tract cholangiocarcinoma

22
Q

Platyhelminthes C Taenia spp

A

Proglottids (section of a tapeworm) and eggs in stool Solium from pork, saginata from beef, cysticerci in undercooked flesh Mild GI symptoms, cysticercosis (larval cysts in CNS and muscle)

23
Q

Platyhelminthes C Diphyllobothrium lactum

A

fish/broad tapeworm raw freshwater fish, Northern Hemisphere Intestinal obstruction, gallbladder disease, B12 deficiency

24
Q

Platyhelminthes C Hymenolepis nana

A

Dwarf tapeworm Eggs in human feces, infected crustaceans, beetles, mealworms Mild GI symptoms

25
Platyhelminthes C Echinococcus
Dogs are the final host, can get from sheep Cysts within numerous organs, cystic (hydatid) disease
26
N Filarioidea Onchocerca volvulus
Seen with a slit lamp if in eyes Larvae introduced by blackfly Onchocerciasis (river blindness), skin onchocercoma nodules, corneal scaring
27
N Filarioidea Loa Loa (African eye worm)
Midday blood smear examination African rain forest Itching, localized skin swelling, joint pain, renal failure, ocular problems, lymphatic occlusion
28
N Filarioidea Dirofilaria immitis
Lung granulomas Mosquitos (Aedes, Culex, Anopheles, Mansonia) granulomas in skin, lungs, cough, heartworm in dogs
29
N Filarioidea Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, B. Timori
Nocturnal blood smears Malayi - Asia, Timori - Indonesia, Bancrofti - worldwide (tropical areas) Lymphatic filariasis (lymphedema), elephantiasis
30
N adenophorea Trichinella spiralis
Spiral appearing in meat Undercooked pork Trichinosis - GI symptoms followed by muscle pain
31
N adenophoria Trichuris trichiura
Whipworm, barrel-shaped eggs with polar caps Soil transmitted, fecal oral transmission Painful defecation of watery stool (with mucus and blood), rectal prolapse
32
N Secernentea Dracunculus medinensis
Guinea worm disease Water with copepods Diarrhea, boil with burning pain where adult exits
33
N Strongylida A. duodenale, N. americanus
Hookworms Contact with fecal matter Abdominal pain, diarrhea, anemia
34
N Strongylida Ancylostoma braziliense
Zoonotic hookworms Cat and dog feces Cutaneous larva migrans (worm tunnels in skin)
35
N Ascaridia Ascaris lumbricoides
Giant roundworm Fecal oral transmission #1 soil transmitted helminth, GI tract blockage, transmitted by cough
36
N Ascaridia Toxocara canis, cati
Cat and dog feces, undercooked meat (chicken, rabbits, deer) Ocular larva migrans (ophthalmitis, retinal damage, blindness) visceral larva migrans (cough, fever, pain)
37
N Rhabditida Strongyloides stercoralis
Threadworm Soil transmitted, fecal contact (feet) Disseminated strongyloidias, autoinfection (re-enters perianal space), hyperinfection
38
N Oxyurida Enterobius vermicularis
Pinworm infection Cellophane tape test #1 worm infection in U.S., anal itching
39
Crustacea Copepods
Diphyllobothrium lactum, Dracunculus medinensis
40
Crustacea Decapods
Paragonimus (lung flukes)
41
Arachnidia Scorpions
Venom acts on ion channels pain, vomiting, nerve block…
42
Arachnidia Spiders
Necrosis (brown recluse), neurotoxicity (black widow)
43
Arachnidia Ticks
Soft ticks transmit Borrelia (relapsing fever) Bites cause dermatitis, toxin Tick paralysis
44
Arachnidia Mites
Itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei - mange, follicle mites (Demodex) - folliculitis and dermatitis House mite transmits rickettsialpox Harvest mites (chiggers) transmit scrub typhus
45
Insecta Anoplura (sucking lice)
Body louse - Rickettsia prowazekii (epidemic typhus), Bartonella quintana (trench fever), Borrelia recurrentis Pediculosis capitis (head lice), Pediculosis corporis (body lice), pediculosis pubis (crabs)
46
Insecta Siphonaptera (fleas)
Bartonella henselae (cat scratch disease), Yersinia pestis (oriental rat flea), Rickettsia typhi (murine typhus), Rickettsia felis (cat flea rickettsiosis
47
Insecta Hemiptera (bed bug)
American trypanosomiasis (chagas) Dermatitis
48
Insecta Diptera (fly)
Transmit typhoid, paratyphoid, cholera, bacillary and amebic dysentery, giardiasis, helminths, trachoma, conjunctivitis, yaws, anthrax, tularemia, African sleeping sickness, leishmaniasis, onchocerciasis, loiasis, bartonellosis, and sandfly fever Myasis - larval stage of fly
49
Insecta Diptera (mosquitos and midges)
Anopheoles (malaria, West Nile), Culex (West Nile), Aedes (Dengue, Chikungunya, Yellow fever, Zika)
50
Insecta Hymenoptera (bees, ants)
Stings and bites

TCM Agents (6 decks)

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