Fungi

Question 1

Candida albicans

Answer 1

Yeast or pseudo hyphae Most common cause of fungal infections, can disseminate systemically (heart, eye, kidneys) Esophageal candidiasis, athletes foot, candida vaginitis Th17 cells important for protection

Question 2

Cryptococcosis neoformans

Answer 2

Encapsulated yeast, 5 to 10 µm Opportunistic in immunocompromised pts, thick gelatinous capsule Meningoencephalitis, mucicarmine stains red, “soap bubbles” in brain From pigeon droppings

Question 3

Aspergillus

Answer 3

Mold, fruiting bodies (in lungs), septate filaments 45* angles Most common pathogenic fungus, invasive causes hemorrhaging and angiogenesis Allergies, sinusitis, pneumonia, granulomas, hemorrhage Neutrophils are important

Question 4

Zygomycosis (Mucormycosis)

Answer 4

No septate, broad, 90* angles, 50µm Invasion of nasal sinuses, lungs, and GI tract Rhinocerebral mucormycosis, local tissue necrosis, invade arterial walls Loves iron - watch in hemochromatosis

Question 5

Histoplasma capsulatum

Answer 5

Yeast in human tissue, mold at room temp Tiniest - 5µm, Mississippi river area Granulomas (caseating and non) Bird or bat droppings

Question 6

Blastomycosis

Answer 6

Yeast in human tissue, mold at room temp, broad based bugs 10µm, Eastern U.S. Pulmonary blastomycosis, disseminated blastomycosis, cutaneous (rare) Soil-inhabiting

Question 7

Coccidioidomycosis

Answer 7

Yeast in human tissue, mold at room temp Spherules which release endospores, very infectious, arthroconidia blocks fusion of phagosome to lysosome, south west, 50µm Delayed-type hypersensitivity, lung lesions, fever, cough, erythema nodosum