Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

TCM Agents > Gram negative bacteria > Flashcards

Gram negative bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)

A

coffee bean diplococci Aerobic to facultative anaerobic Oxidase + (glucose) Fimbriae for attachment, LPS endotoxin, extracellular protease to disable IgA urethritis, PID, conjunctivitis in neonates Culture on Thayer-Martin VCN lysed RBC media, urethral exudate with gram - diplococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)

A

coffee bean diplococci Aerobic to facultative anaerobic Oxidase + (glucose + maltose) antiphagocytic capsule, pili for attachment, LPS meningococcal endotoxin, IgA1 protease Headaches, petechial rash, meningitis, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (adrenal hemorrhage due to sepsis) Culture on Thayer-Martin VCN lysed RBC media, PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis

A

diplococcus Aerobic to facultative anaerobic Oxidase + Resistant to beta-lactams Common cold, otitis media, sinusitis Culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Moraxella lacunata

A

diplococcus Aerobic to facultative anaerobic Oxidase + Catarrhal conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Kingella kingae

A

diplococcus Aerobic to facultative anaerobic Oxidase + Pediatric septic arthritis and osteomyelitis. Adult endocarditis, meningitis, pneumonias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Escherichia coli

A

Bacilli Facultative anaerobe Oxidase - ferment lactose K1 antigen resists phagocytosis and compliment Urethrocystitis, diarrhea, neonatal meningitis Culture, motile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

Bacilli Facultative anaerobe Oxidase - ferment lactose Encapsulated Most common cause of nosocomial respiratory tract infection, Capsular 1&2 - bacterial pneumonia, others with UTI, red currant jelly sputum Culture, PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Klebsiella oxytoca

A

Bacilli Facultative anaerobe Oxidase - ferment lactose Encapsulated Colitis and sepsis Culture, PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Klebsiella granulomatis

A

Bacilli Facultative anaerobe Oxidase - ferment lactose Encapsulated painless genital ulcers, granuloma inguinale (donovanosis) Culture, PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Enterobacter cloacae

A

Rods Facultative anaerobe Ferment lactose inducible beta-lactamase Nosocomial, lower respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infections, intra-abdominal infections Culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Enterobacter aerogenes

A

Rods Facultative anaerobe Ferment lactose inducible beta-lactamase nosocomial Culture, motile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Serratia marcescens

A

Rods Facultative anaerobe Oxidase - Prodigisin gives red pigment Hospital acquired infections Motile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Proteus mirabilis

A

Bacilli Facultative anaerobe non-lactose fermenting Swarming motility, urease (alkalinizes urine), fimbriae adherence Struvite stones, UTI, wound infections Culture, motile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Proteus vulgaris and penneri

A

Bacilli Facultative anaerobe non-lactose fermenting UTI, wound infections Culture, motile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Shigella dysenteriae

A

Rods Facultative anaerobe non-lactose fermenting, no H2S Heat stable endotoxin, Shiga toxin (A subunit inhibits 60S ribosome) Cramps, watery/bloody diarrhea (food contaminated with feces) - give supportive care Cultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Enteritidis

A

Bacilli Facultative intracellular parasite Produces H2S Vi (capsular antigen), activate adenylate cyclase (diarrhea) Watery diarrhea after a 1-3 day incubation - give supportive care Cultures, PCR, motile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi

A

Bacilli Facultative intracellular parasite Produces H2S Reservoir in gallbladder, mimic appendicitis typhoid fever after 10-14 days of incubation - give supportive care Cultures, PCR, motile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Rods Aerobic Oxidase +, nonfermentative Alginate slime biofilm, green pigment, Exotoxin A (inhibits EF-2 like diphtheria toxin), Exoenzyme S Opportunistic pathogen, bacterial vasculitis, ecthyma gangrenosum, hot tub folliculitis, watch for it in people with cystic fibrosis (becomes antibiotic resistant) Culture (also look for fruity grape odor), motile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Burkholderia cepacia

A

Rods Aerobic Oxidase + Pulmonary infections in people with cystic fibrosis Culture, motile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Burkholderia pseudomallei

A

Rods Aerobic Oxidase + Pneumonia and skin infections (can be weaponized) Culture, motile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

A

Rods Aerobic Oxidase +/- inducible metallo-beta-lactamases nosocomial pneumonia Culture, motile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Legionella pneumonphila

A

Bacilli Aerobic Catalase +, Oxidase + ubiquitous aquatic (live in showers or AC), hemolysins, intracellular pathogen Legionnaires’ disease, Pontiac fever BCYE agar, motile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Fusobacterium necrophorum

A

Fusiform bacilli Anaerobic Lives in dental regions, tonsils, hemagglutinin (coagulant) Peritonsillar abscesses, Lemierre syndrome (septic thrombophlebitis of internal jugular vein) Anaerobic cultures, PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Vibrio cholerae

A

curved rods with single flagellum Oxidase +, ferments glucose Enterotoxin choleragen which increases cAMP production Rice water stool - give supportive care Rice water stool present, vibrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Campylobacter jejuni
curved rods Microaerophilic Non-lactose fermenter LPS endotoxin, heat labile exotoxin and cytotoxin acute enteritis from undercooked foods, bloody diarrhea Motile
26
Helicobacter pylori
Helically shaped Catalase +, Oxidase + Urease, lives in mucus layer Chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric Mucosa Associated Lymphatic Tissue lymphoma Breath urea test
27
Bacteroides fragilis
bacilli or cocco-bacilli Anaerobic Anti-phagocytic capsule Opportunistic with immunosuppression Anaerobic cultures
28
Prevotella
bacilli or cocco-bacilli Anaerobic obstetric and gynecological infections, aspiration pneumonia
29
Acinetobacter baumannii
coccobacilli Aerobic Beta-lactamase Nosocomial infections, UTI, contaminate IV fluids Culture
30
Haemophilus influenzae
coccobacilli Facultative anaerobe Capsule determines virulence Most common cause of pediatric meningitis in children 6months to 2 years, pneumonia, bacteremia, otitis media Culture, PCR
31
Haemophilus ducreyi
coccobacilli Facultative anaerobe Capsule determines virulence Chancroid (soft chancre) Culture, PCR
32
Bordetella pertussis
coccobacilli Aerobic Encapsulated Filamentous hemagglutinin for attachment, pertussis toxin interrupts GCPR, invasive adenylate cyclase toxin, tracheal cytotoxin, lethal toxin Whooping cough, catarrhal stage (fever, rhinorrhea, cough), Paroxysmal phase (whooping cough), Convalescent phase (spread of bacteria to other organs) PCR, Bordet-Gengou agar media
33
Yersinia enterocolitica/pseudotuberculosis
bipolar staining coccobacilli Facultative anaerobe Glucose fermenter intracellular parasite Diarrhea, gastroenteritis, ileitis Culture
34
Yersinia pestis
bipolar staining coccobacilli Facultative anaerobe Glucose fermenter intracellular parasite, F1 antigen and V&W antigen Bubonic plague (bubo, bacteremia), septicemic plague (DIC), Pneumonic plague (shorter incubation period) Culture, PCR
35
Francisella tularensis
Pleomorphic coccobacilli Aerobic Intracellular pathogen (macrophages) tularensis tularensis (type A) in rabbits, tularensis palaearctica (type B) in aquatic rodents Ulceroglandular (bite), Pneumonic (field dressing) Culture, PCR
36
Brucella melitensis (goat) suis (pigs)
coccobacilli Aerobic to facultative anaerobic Intracellular pathogen (macrophages) From unpasteurized milk or handling of animals Undulant fever (flu like symptoms with limb and back pain) BMAT
37
Pasteurella multicida
coccobacilli Facultative anaerobe Polysaccharide capsule Joint pain/infections, from cat scratches Culture
38
Mycoplasmataceae pneumoniae
no cell wall - appear gram negative Intracellular pathogen Cell membrane contains sterols, urease, cold agglutinin (anti-IgM) which clumps RBCs when testing Walking pneumonia, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (epidermal necrolysis) Serology, PCR
39
Mycoplasmataceae genitalium & hominis
no cell wall - appear gram negative Intracellular pathogen Cell membrane contains sterols PID, non-gonococcal urethritis Culture
40
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Coccoid to rod Steals ATP Intracellular pathogen Infectious elementary bodies outside of cells, intracellular reticulate inside Upper and lower respiratory tract infections Identification of inclusion bodies
41
Chlamydia trachomatis
Coccoid to rod Steals ATP Intracellular pathogen Many serovars A,B,C cause trachoma conjunctivitis, D-K cause nongonococcal urethritis PID and paratrachoma conjunctivitis, L causes lymphogranuloma venereum Identification of inclusion bodies, painless papule
42
Chlamydia psittaci
Coccoid to rod Steals ATP Intracellular pathogen Inhalational systemic zoonotic infections Psittacosis (parrots, lovebirds, parakeets), ornithosis in fowl Identification of inclusion bodies
43
Rickettsia akari
coccobacilli Steals ATP Intracellular pathogen Replication at site of entry causing vasculitis rickettsial pox Weil-Felix test - antibodies to Rickettsia (also Proteus vulgaris)
44
Rickettsia prowazekii
coccobacilli Steals ATP Intracellular pathogen Replication at site of entry causing vasculitis Epidemic typhus via human louse and flying squirrels Weil-Felix test - antibodies to Rickettsia (also Proteus vulgaris)
45
Rickettsia typhi
coccobacilli Steals ATP Intracellular pathogen Replication at site of entry causing vasculitis Endemic/murine typhus via rat flea Weil-Felix test - antibodies to Rickettsia (also Proteus vulgaris)
46
Rickettsia rickettsii
coccobacilli Steals ATP Intracellular pathogen Replication at site of entry causing vasculitis Rocky mountain spotted fever via ticks Weil-Felix test - antibodies to Rickettsia (also Proteus vulgaris)
47
Orientia tsutsugamushi
Intracellular pathogen Transmitted by chigger Scrub typhus Clinical presentation in eastern Asia
48
Coxiella burnetii
Steals ATP Intracellular pathogen Endospore-like state, one organism can cause infection Zoonosis and unpasteurized milk, Q fever (flu-like), granulomas PCR
49
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
Replicate in cytoplasm Intracellular pathogen Lives in inflammatory cells, tick-borne Human monocytic ehrlichiosis, tick-borne Buffy coat examination of blood for morulae
50
Ehrlichia ewingii
Replicate in cytoplasm Intracellular pathogen Lives in inflammatory cells, tick-borne Human ewingii ehrlichiosis Buffy coat examination of blood for morulae
51
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Replicate in cytoplasm Intracellular pathogen Lives in inflammatory cells, tick-borne Human granulocytic anaplasmosis, tick-borne, north central pacific U.S. Buffy coat examination of blood for morulae
52
Bartonella henselae
pleomorphic bacilli Aerobic Oxidase -, facultative parasite Invade RBCs and endothelial cells, produce endothelial cell-stimulating factor Cat-scratch disease, bacillary peliosis of liver and bacillary angiomatosis Silver stain, PCR
53
Bartonella quintana
pleomorphic bacilli Aerobic Oxidase -, facultative parasite Invade RBCs and endothelial cells, produce endothelial cell-stimulating factor Trench fever via human louse PCR
54
Treponema pallidum pallidum (syphilis)
spirochete Microaerophilic Cardiolipin, cholesterol Primary stage - introduction at site of entry, secondary stage - dissemination, tertiary - after years Painless hard chancre, skin rash on palms and feet, gumma (large granulomas in body), cardiovascular or neurosyphilis. Congenital syphilis: Infantile form - within first 2 years of life - similar to secondary syphilis in adult - deformed bones, Tardive form - after two years of life - Hutchinson triad (interstitial keratitis, notched incisors, hearing loss) Anti-cardiolipin (RPR, Wassermann), VDRL, FTA-ABS, TPPA, darkfield microscopy
55
Treponema pallidum pertenue
spirochete Microaerophilic Cardiolipin, cholesterol Primary stage - introduction at site of entry, secondary stage - dissemination, tertiary - after years Yaws - transmitted by contact in tropical areas Anti-cardiolipin (RPR), VDRL, FTA-ABS, TPPA, darkfield microscopy
56
Treponema pallidum carateum
spirochete Microaerophilic Cardiolipin, cholesterol Primary stage - introduction at site of entry, secondary stage - dissemination, tertiary - after years Pinta (depigmentation/hyperpigmentation of skin) -not sexually transmitted Anti-cardiolipin (RPR), VDRL, FTA-ABS, TPPA, darkfield microscopy
57
Treponema pallidumendemicum
spirochete Microaerophilic Cardiolipin, cholesterol Primary stage - introduction at site of entry, secondary stage - dissemination, tertiary - after years Endemic syphilis, gummas, oral lesions Anti-cardiolipin (RPR), VDRL, FTA-ABS, TPPA, darkfield microscopy
58
Borrelia burgdorferi & mayonii
spirochete Microaerophilic Cholesterol membrane, requires B12 Multilayered outer membrane Lyme disease from deer ticks, erythema migrans, heart block, arthritis Clinical presentation, motile
59
Borrelia recurrentis
spirochete Microaerophilic Cholesterol membrane, requires B12 Multilayered outer membrane Louse-borne (epidemic) relapsing fever Clinical presentation and darkfield microscopy, motile
60
Borrelia hermisii
spirochete Microaerophilic Cholesterol membrane, requires B12 Multilayered outer membrane Tick-borne (endemic) relapsing fever Clinical presentation and darkfield microscopy, motile
61
Leptospira
spirochete Aerobic Requires B1 and B12 Multilayered outer membrane Spread from animal urine, Anicteric leptospirosis (feel sick but no liver attack), leptospiremic phase (localize to kidneys and shed in urine), Weil disease (attack liver) Silver stain, PCR

TCM Agents (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions