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TCM Agents > Gram negative bacteria > Flashcards

Gram negative bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)

A

coffee bean diplococci Aerobic to facultative anaerobic Oxidase + (glucose) Fimbriae for attachment, LPS endotoxin, extracellular protease to disable IgA urethritis, PID, conjunctivitis in neonates Culture on Thayer-Martin VCN lysed RBC media, urethral exudate with gram - diplococci

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2
Q

Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)

A

coffee bean diplococci Aerobic to facultative anaerobic Oxidase + (glucose + maltose) antiphagocytic capsule, pili for attachment, LPS meningococcal endotoxin, IgA1 protease Headaches, petechial rash, meningitis, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (adrenal hemorrhage due to sepsis) Culture on Thayer-Martin VCN lysed RBC media, PCR

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3
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis

A

diplococcus Aerobic to facultative anaerobic Oxidase + Resistant to beta-lactams Common cold, otitis media, sinusitis Culture

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4
Q

Moraxella lacunata

A

diplococcus Aerobic to facultative anaerobic Oxidase + Catarrhal conjunctivitis

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5
Q

Kingella kingae

A

diplococcus Aerobic to facultative anaerobic Oxidase + Pediatric septic arthritis and osteomyelitis. Adult endocarditis, meningitis, pneumonias

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6
Q

Escherichia coli

A

Bacilli Facultative anaerobe Oxidase - ferment lactose K1 antigen resists phagocytosis and compliment Urethrocystitis, diarrhea, neonatal meningitis Culture, motile

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7
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

Bacilli Facultative anaerobe Oxidase - ferment lactose Encapsulated Most common cause of nosocomial respiratory tract infection, Capsular 1&2 - bacterial pneumonia, others with UTI, red currant jelly sputum Culture, PCR

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8
Q

Klebsiella oxytoca

A

Bacilli Facultative anaerobe Oxidase - ferment lactose Encapsulated Colitis and sepsis Culture, PCR

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9
Q

Klebsiella granulomatis

A

Bacilli Facultative anaerobe Oxidase - ferment lactose Encapsulated painless genital ulcers, granuloma inguinale (donovanosis) Culture, PCR

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10
Q

Enterobacter cloacae

A

Rods Facultative anaerobe Ferment lactose inducible beta-lactamase Nosocomial, lower respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infections, intra-abdominal infections Culture

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11
Q

Enterobacter aerogenes

A

Rods Facultative anaerobe Ferment lactose inducible beta-lactamase nosocomial Culture, motile

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12
Q

Serratia marcescens

A

Rods Facultative anaerobe Oxidase - Prodigisin gives red pigment Hospital acquired infections Motile

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13
Q

Proteus mirabilis

A

Bacilli Facultative anaerobe non-lactose fermenting Swarming motility, urease (alkalinizes urine), fimbriae adherence Struvite stones, UTI, wound infections Culture, motile

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14
Q

Proteus vulgaris and penneri

A

Bacilli Facultative anaerobe non-lactose fermenting UTI, wound infections Culture, motile

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15
Q

Shigella dysenteriae

A

Rods Facultative anaerobe non-lactose fermenting, no H2S Heat stable endotoxin, Shiga toxin (A subunit inhibits 60S ribosome) Cramps, watery/bloody diarrhea (food contaminated with feces) - give supportive care Cultures

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16
Q

Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Enteritidis

A

Bacilli Facultative intracellular parasite Produces H2S Vi (capsular antigen), activate adenylate cyclase (diarrhea) Watery diarrhea after a 1-3 day incubation - give supportive care Cultures, PCR, motile

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17
Q

Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Typhi

A

Bacilli Facultative intracellular parasite Produces H2S Reservoir in gallbladder, mimic appendicitis typhoid fever after 10-14 days of incubation - give supportive care Cultures, PCR, motile

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18
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Rods Aerobic Oxidase +, nonfermentative Alginate slime biofilm, green pigment, Exotoxin A (inhibits EF-2 like diphtheria toxin), Exoenzyme S Opportunistic pathogen, bacterial vasculitis, ecthyma gangrenosum, hot tub folliculitis, watch for it in people with cystic fibrosis (becomes antibiotic resistant) Culture (also look for fruity grape odor), motile

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19
Q

Burkholderia cepacia

A

Rods Aerobic Oxidase + Pulmonary infections in people with cystic fibrosis Culture, motile

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20
Q

Burkholderia pseudomallei

A

Rods Aerobic Oxidase + Pneumonia and skin infections (can be weaponized) Culture, motile

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21
Q

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

A

Rods Aerobic Oxidase +/- inducible metallo-beta-lactamases nosocomial pneumonia Culture, motile

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22
Q

Legionella pneumonphila

A

Bacilli Aerobic Catalase +, Oxidase + ubiquitous aquatic (live in showers or AC), hemolysins, intracellular pathogen Legionnaires’ disease, Pontiac fever BCYE agar, motile

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23
Q

Fusobacterium necrophorum

A

Fusiform bacilli Anaerobic Lives in dental regions, tonsils, hemagglutinin (coagulant) Peritonsillar abscesses, Lemierre syndrome (septic thrombophlebitis of internal jugular vein) Anaerobic cultures, PCR

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24
Q

Vibrio cholerae

A

curved rods with single flagellum Oxidase +, ferments glucose Enterotoxin choleragen which increases cAMP production Rice water stool - give supportive care Rice water stool present, vibrate

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25
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A

curved rods Microaerophilic Non-lactose fermenter LPS endotoxin, heat labile exotoxin and cytotoxin acute enteritis from undercooked foods, bloody diarrhea Motile

26
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

Helically shaped Catalase +, Oxidase + Urease, lives in mucus layer Chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric Mucosa Associated Lymphatic Tissue lymphoma Breath urea test

27
Q

Bacteroides fragilis

A

bacilli or cocco-bacilli Anaerobic Anti-phagocytic capsule Opportunistic with immunosuppression Anaerobic cultures

28
Q

Prevotella

A

bacilli or cocco-bacilli Anaerobic obstetric and gynecological infections, aspiration pneumonia

29
Q

Acinetobacter baumannii

A

coccobacilli Aerobic Beta-lactamase Nosocomial infections, UTI, contaminate IV fluids Culture

30
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A

coccobacilli Facultative anaerobe Capsule determines virulence Most common cause of pediatric meningitis in children 6months to 2 years, pneumonia, bacteremia, otitis media Culture, PCR

31
Q

Haemophilus ducreyi

A

coccobacilli Facultative anaerobe Capsule determines virulence Chancroid (soft chancre) Culture, PCR

32
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A

coccobacilli Aerobic Encapsulated Filamentous hemagglutinin for attachment, pertussis toxin interrupts GCPR, invasive adenylate cyclase toxin, tracheal cytotoxin, lethal toxin Whooping cough, catarrhal stage (fever, rhinorrhea, cough), Paroxysmal phase (whooping cough), Convalescent phase (spread of bacteria to other organs) PCR, Bordet-Gengou agar media

33
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica/pseudotuberculosis

A

bipolar staining coccobacilli Facultative anaerobe Glucose fermenter intracellular parasite Diarrhea, gastroenteritis, ileitis Culture

34
Q

Yersinia pestis

A

bipolar staining coccobacilli Facultative anaerobe Glucose fermenter intracellular parasite, F1 antigen and V&W antigen Bubonic plague (bubo, bacteremia), septicemic plague (DIC), Pneumonic plague (shorter incubation period) Culture, PCR

35
Q

Francisella tularensis

A

Pleomorphic coccobacilli Aerobic Intracellular pathogen (macrophages) tularensis tularensis (type A) in rabbits, tularensis palaearctica (type B) in aquatic rodents Ulceroglandular (bite), Pneumonic (field dressing) Culture, PCR

36
Q

Brucella melitensis (goat) suis (pigs)

A

coccobacilli Aerobic to facultative anaerobic Intracellular pathogen (macrophages) From unpasteurized milk or handling of animals Undulant fever (flu like symptoms with limb and back pain) BMAT

37
Q

Pasteurella multicida

A

coccobacilli Facultative anaerobe Polysaccharide capsule Joint pain/infections, from cat scratches Culture

38
Q

Mycoplasmataceae pneumoniae

A

no cell wall - appear gram negative Intracellular pathogen Cell membrane contains sterols, urease, cold agglutinin (anti-IgM) which clumps RBCs when testing Walking pneumonia, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (epidermal necrolysis) Serology, PCR

39
Q

Mycoplasmataceae genitalium & hominis

A

no cell wall - appear gram negative Intracellular pathogen Cell membrane contains sterols PID, non-gonococcal urethritis Culture

40
Q

Chlamydia pneumoniae

A

Coccoid to rod Steals ATP Intracellular pathogen Infectious elementary bodies outside of cells, intracellular reticulate inside Upper and lower respiratory tract infections Identification of inclusion bodies

41
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Coccoid to rod Steals ATP Intracellular pathogen Many serovars A,B,C cause trachoma conjunctivitis, D-K cause nongonococcal urethritis PID and paratrachoma conjunctivitis, L causes lymphogranuloma venereum Identification of inclusion bodies, painless papule

42
Q

Chlamydia psittaci

A

Coccoid to rod Steals ATP Intracellular pathogen Inhalational systemic zoonotic infections Psittacosis (parrots, lovebirds, parakeets), ornithosis in fowl Identification of inclusion bodies

43
Q

Rickettsia akari

A

coccobacilli Steals ATP Intracellular pathogen Replication at site of entry causing vasculitis rickettsial pox Weil-Felix test - antibodies to Rickettsia (also Proteus vulgaris)

44
Q

Rickettsia prowazekii

A

coccobacilli Steals ATP Intracellular pathogen Replication at site of entry causing vasculitis Epidemic typhus via human louse and flying squirrels Weil-Felix test - antibodies to Rickettsia (also Proteus vulgaris)

45
Q

Rickettsia typhi

A

coccobacilli Steals ATP Intracellular pathogen Replication at site of entry causing vasculitis Endemic/murine typhus via rat flea Weil-Felix test - antibodies to Rickettsia (also Proteus vulgaris)

46
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

coccobacilli Steals ATP Intracellular pathogen Replication at site of entry causing vasculitis Rocky mountain spotted fever via ticks Weil-Felix test - antibodies to Rickettsia (also Proteus vulgaris)

47
Q

Orientia tsutsugamushi

A

Intracellular pathogen Transmitted by chigger Scrub typhus Clinical presentation in eastern Asia

48
Q

Coxiella burnetii

A

Steals ATP Intracellular pathogen Endospore-like state, one organism can cause infection Zoonosis and unpasteurized milk, Q fever (flu-like), granulomas PCR

49
Q

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

A

Replicate in cytoplasm Intracellular pathogen Lives in inflammatory cells, tick-borne Human monocytic ehrlichiosis, tick-borne Buffy coat examination of blood for morulae

50
Q

Ehrlichia ewingii

A

Replicate in cytoplasm Intracellular pathogen Lives in inflammatory cells, tick-borne Human ewingii ehrlichiosis Buffy coat examination of blood for morulae

51
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

A

Replicate in cytoplasm Intracellular pathogen Lives in inflammatory cells, tick-borne Human granulocytic anaplasmosis, tick-borne, north central pacific U.S. Buffy coat examination of blood for morulae

52
Q

Bartonella henselae

A

pleomorphic bacilli Aerobic Oxidase -, facultative parasite Invade RBCs and endothelial cells, produce endothelial cell-stimulating factor Cat-scratch disease, bacillary peliosis of liver and bacillary angiomatosis Silver stain, PCR

53
Q

Bartonella quintana

A

pleomorphic bacilli Aerobic Oxidase -, facultative parasite Invade RBCs and endothelial cells, produce endothelial cell-stimulating factor Trench fever via human louse PCR

54
Q

Treponema pallidum pallidum (syphilis)

A

spirochete Microaerophilic Cardiolipin, cholesterol Primary stage - introduction at site of entry, secondary stage - dissemination, tertiary - after years Painless hard chancre, skin rash on palms and feet, gumma (large granulomas in body), cardiovascular or neurosyphilis. Congenital syphilis: Infantile form - within first 2 years of life - similar to secondary syphilis in adult - deformed bones, Tardive form - after two years of life - Hutchinson triad (interstitial keratitis, notched incisors, hearing loss) Anti-cardiolipin (RPR, Wassermann), VDRL, FTA-ABS, TPPA, darkfield microscopy

55
Q

Treponema pallidum pertenue

A

spirochete Microaerophilic Cardiolipin, cholesterol Primary stage - introduction at site of entry, secondary stage - dissemination, tertiary - after years Yaws - transmitted by contact in tropical areas Anti-cardiolipin (RPR), VDRL, FTA-ABS, TPPA, darkfield microscopy

56
Q

Treponema pallidum carateum

A

spirochete Microaerophilic Cardiolipin, cholesterol Primary stage - introduction at site of entry, secondary stage - dissemination, tertiary - after years Pinta (depigmentation/hyperpigmentation of skin) -not sexually transmitted Anti-cardiolipin (RPR), VDRL, FTA-ABS, TPPA, darkfield microscopy

57
Q

Treponema pallidumendemicum

A

spirochete Microaerophilic Cardiolipin, cholesterol Primary stage - introduction at site of entry, secondary stage - dissemination, tertiary - after years Endemic syphilis, gummas, oral lesions Anti-cardiolipin (RPR), VDRL, FTA-ABS, TPPA, darkfield microscopy

58
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi & mayonii

A

spirochete Microaerophilic Cholesterol membrane, requires B12 Multilayered outer membrane Lyme disease from deer ticks, erythema migrans, heart block, arthritis Clinical presentation, motile

59
Q

Borrelia recurrentis

A

spirochete Microaerophilic Cholesterol membrane, requires B12 Multilayered outer membrane Louse-borne (epidemic) relapsing fever Clinical presentation and darkfield microscopy, motile

60
Q

Borrelia hermisii

A

spirochete Microaerophilic Cholesterol membrane, requires B12 Multilayered outer membrane Tick-borne (endemic) relapsing fever Clinical presentation and darkfield microscopy, motile

61
Q

Leptospira

A

spirochete Aerobic Requires B1 and B12 Multilayered outer membrane Spread from animal urine, Anicteric leptospirosis (feel sick but no liver attack), leptospiremic phase (localize to kidneys and shed in urine), Weil disease (attack liver) Silver stain, PCR

TCM Agents (6 decks)

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