Parasites

Question 1

Hookworm Life Cycle

Answer 1

Direct. Enters lungs -> coughed -> swallowed

May lead to malnourisment. Development >17C

Question 2

Dictyocaulus Viviparus

Answer 2

Cattle Lungworm

Direct lifecycle via fecooral transmission

Pilobolus fungus aids transmission by dispersing infective larvae

Vaccine available

Question 3

Wuchaeria Bancrofti (Wb)

Answer 3

Filarial Nematode. Elephantitis.

Indirect. Intermediate host = Mosquito

Adults reside in lymph nodes -> pathology. Lympatic dilation, inflammation.

Microfilaria in blood/lymph, esp peripheral cutaneous at night.

Question 4

Onchocerva Volvulus

Answer 4

Filarial Nematode. River Blindness.

Indirect. Intermediate host = blackfly

Adults reside in subcutanous nodules (may sometimes cause elephantitis)

Microfilaria in skin -> pathology (may invade eye) -> inflammation -> repair -> blind

Question 5

Toxoplasma Gondii

Answer 5

Intracellular protozoa. Cell entry by receptor interaction & toxoplama mediated invasion. Avoid mø destruction by blocking NF-kB nuclear translocation.

Direct and indirect lifecycles

definite host = cat