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GI Bugs > Parasites > Flashcards

Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

Protoza vs. Helminths vs. Trematodes?

A 
Protozoa = Unicellular
Helminths = Worms
Trematodes = FLukles
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2
Q

Most common parasitic infection in US?

A

Giardia

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3
Q

Who gets Giardia?

A

Campers/hikers

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4
Q

Fatty, foul-smelling stool?

A

Giardia

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5
Q

Who gets cryptosporidium?

A

Water-park people

AIDS worse

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6
Q

Symptoms of cryptosporidium?

A

Mild, watery diarrhea

Severe if immunocompromised

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7
Q

Who gets Entamoeba histolytica worldwide?

In US?

A

Tropical slums

US = Gay dudez

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8
Q

Ameiasis symptoms?

Why?

A

Bloody diarrhea = Amoebic Dysentary

RBC lysis

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9
Q

Serious complication of entamoeba histolytica?

A

Liver abscess

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10
Q

GI protozoa?

A

Giardia lamblia
Cryptosporidium parvum
Cyclospora cayetanesis
Entamoeba histolytica

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11
Q

GI Nematodes?

A 
Enterobius vermicularis
Strongyloides
Ancylostoma
Necator
Trichuris
Ascaris
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12
Q

Nematodes spread by eating eggs?

A

EAT
Enterobius vermicularis
Ascaris
Trichuris

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13
Q

Nematodes spread by skin contact?

A

Hookworms (NASty)
Strongyloides
Ancylostoma
Necator

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14
Q

Most common helminth infection?

A

Enterobius

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15
Q

Anal itch in daycare?

How do you diagnose?

A

Enterobius
Scotch tape
CANNOT DIAGNOSE FROM STOOL

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16
Q

Helminth found in Large US cities?

A

Strongyloides

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17
Q

Helminth with possibility of auto-infection?

A

Strongyloides

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18
Q

10mm hookworm with itchy rash and lethargy?
Why lethargic?
how diagnose?

A

Ancylostoma/Necator
Fe deficient anemia
EGGS in stool sample

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19
Q

Whipworm?

A

Trichuris

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20
Q

Bloody diarrhea, iron deficient anemia, progressing to rectal prolapse and finger clubbing?

A

Trichuris

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21
Q

How DX trichuris?

A

Barrel-shaped eggs

22
Q

Largest roundworm?

A

Ascaris

23
Q

Symptoms of ascaris?

A

Usually asymptomatic
Can have intestinal blockage with pain
Lung stage with Charcot-Leyden crystals

24
Q

Cestodes?

A

TED (tapeworms)
Taenia
Echinococcus
Diphyllobothrium

25
Q

Which cestode is spread by eggs in doge feces?

Worst complication?

A

Such echinococcus

Very liver cysts

26
Q

Which cestode is spread via larvae in fish?

A

Diphyllobothrium

27
Q

How DX diphyllobothrium?

A

Eggs or proglittids in stool

28
Q

Which cestode is spread via beef/pork?

A

Taenia solium

29
Q

What type of parasite is schistosoma?

A

Fluke (Trematode)

30
Q

What causes the symptoms in schistosoma infection?

A

Immune response

31
Q

Acute schistosoma symptoms?

A

Rash, itchy

32
Q

Chronic schistosoma symptoms?

A

Pain
Hepatomegaly
Hematura, dysuria

33
Q

What can be used to treat Giardia infection?

A

Metronidazole
Nitazoxanide
Paromomycin

34
Q

TX for cryptosporidium in AIDS patients?

A

Nitazoxanide

35
Q

TX for amebic dysentery?

A

Iodoquinol (Asymptomatic carriers)

Metronidazole

36
Q

TX for cystoisospora or cyclospora?

A

TMP-SMX

37
Q

Which anti-amoeba drug is a Tissue amoebicide?

A

Metronidazole

38
Q

Which anti-amoeba drugs are luminal amoebicides?

A

Iodoquinol

Paromomycin

39
Q

Nematodes vs. Cestodes vs. Trematodes?

A 
N = Roundworms
C = Tapeworms
T = Flukes
40
Q

Which drug kills nematodes and cestodes via targeting b-tubulin formation?

A

—Bendazole

41
Q

Which cholinergic anti-helminth targets ALL round worms?

A

Levamisole

42
Q

Which cholinergic anti-helminth targets roundworms EXCEPT whipworms (Trichuris)?

A

Pyrantel Pamoate

43
Q

Which anti-helminth targets only Ascaris and Strongyloides by binding invertebrate Cl channels and causing paralysis?

A

Ivermectin

44
Q

Toxicity of —bendazoles?

A

Rarely BM

NOT IN PREGNANCY

45
Q

Toxicity of Cholinergic anti-helminths?

A

Nausea vomiting

Diarrhea

46
Q

Toxicity of Ivermectin

A

Itchy dizziness

47
Q

Which drug kills cestodes and trematodes?

A

Praziquantel

48
Q

Praziquantel mechanism?

A

Increases permeability to divalent cations

49
Q

What are treatment options for schistoma infections?

A

Praziquantel

Steroids (Inflammation response)

50
Q

What are treatment options for tapeworms?

A

–Bendazoles

Praziquantel

GI Bugs (5 decks)

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