Parasites Flashcards
red poultry mite
Dermanyssus gallinae
trans = contact w infected, environment, fomites
nocturnal feeders, life cycle complete in 1w in summer
house can stay infested for 9m
signs = decreased repro potential in males, decreased eggs, decreased weight gain, anemia, death
can potential be a vector of fowl pox, S.enteritidis, P.multocida
control = spray/dust birds or litter, diatomaceous earth, fox spray, fluralaner, ivermectin short term, long facility breaks, Q perches, predatory mites
can bite people but not infest
northern fowl mite
ornithonyssus slyvarium
obligate blood sucking, accumulate around cloaca
can infest people - irritation
can live 4w off host
signs = thick crusty skin, soiled feathers, scabbing around vent, decreased egg production
prevention better as eradication v hard
prevent = acaricidal spray, dust boxes with diatomaceous earth
hexamitiasis
Spironucleus meleagridis protozoa
trans = ingestion of contam faeces and water
1-9w old turkeys and pheasants, not natural in chickens
encysted are v resistant in the environment
signs = watery yellow diarrhoea, listlessness, dry unkempt feathers, rapid weight loss
PM = bulbous dilations of SI filled watery contents
diagnosis hexamitiasis
finding flagellates by microscopy of intestinal scraping (trichomonad move more jerkily)
prevent = only raise single aged, single species flocks, decontamination of equipment, remove litter
no treatment or vaccine
trichomonosis
trichomonas gallinae and T.stableri protozoa
affects pigeons, doves and hawks, live in sinuses, mouth, throat, esophagus
SOI = contam water so clean and disinfect bird baths
signs = small yellow dots on oral mucosa that grow rapidly and coalesce. masses grow and can’t shut mouth, weight loss, blindness
PM = caseous necrotic foci
diagnosis - signs and microscopy of smear from throat, PCR
control - sanitation and biosecurity
pigeons = easily transmitted in milk so separate chronically infected from breeders
carnidazole or metronidazole for 5d in water
flukes in poultry
rare as need snail as intermediate host. can be in backyard flocks and wild
Prosthogonimus macrorchis = oviduct fluke - inappetence, droopiness, weight loss, decreased egg production, soft shelled eggs
Postharmostomum gallinum = in ceca
PM = mild inflame to rupture of oviduct and death
diagnosis = adults seen at site of lesions, can be hard as eggs not shed consistently in faeces
prevent = don eat dragonflies
no treatment
collyriculum faba
trematode
subcutaneous cysts near vent, ooze exudate and attract flies so secondary bacteria infection
signs = locomotor problem, death if severe
treat = surgical removal of parasites
histomoniasis
histomonas melagridis - protozoan parasite
trans = in egg of heterakis gallinarum
chickens survive but fatal in turkeys
signs = decreased appetite, drooping wings, yellow droppings, unkempt feathers
PM = inflam and yellow caseous exudate in caeca, ulcers that erode cecal wall, tan liver nodules
diagnosis histomoniasis
liver and cecal lesions together = pathognomic, PCR, microscopy of cecal content
DD = TB, LL, trichomoniasis, mycoses
prevent = dont raise turkeys and chickens together, biosecurity, frequent worming
no drugs
nematodes in poultry
Ascaridia galli (most common)
Syngamus trachea (in earthworms)
Heterakis gallinarum (cecal worm)
more common in free range chickens
A. galli life cycle
eggs in droppings and become infective after 10-12d
eggs ingested and hatch in proventriculus and larvae live free in lumen of duodenum
larvae penetrate mucosa, cause haemorrhage and return to lumen, reaching maturity after 30d
intermediate host of H. gallinarum
earthworm
signs of cestodes/nematodes
inactivity, decreased appetite, decreased performance, severe can cause death
ascarids can be enshelled in eggs
signs of S.trachea
affects young birds
sudden death, verminous pneumonia, gasping, choking, emaciation
male and female worms found in Y shape in trachea
diagnosis of cestodes/nematodes
ID of recovered worm (microscopy, PCR, LAMP assays)
detect eggs by fecal floatation
