Parana In Depth

Question 1

How long is the Parana?

Answer 1

4000k

Question 2

What it the total annual sediment load of the Parana?

Answer 2

150,000,000 tonnes

Question 3

What is the main nutrient in the Parana sediment load?

Answer 3

Phosphorous

Question 4

How large is the Parana river basin?

Answer 4

2,600,000-km squared

Question 5

What percentage of the Rio Parana is in Brazil?

Answer 5

45.6%

Question 6

What three fluvial systems create the Rio De La Plata?

Answer 6

Parana, Paraguay and Uruguay

Question 7

What is the most important change in the horizontal file of the river?

Answer 7

Sete Quedas falls ( now Itaipu Dam), water drops by 180m over 60km

Question 8

What is the main tributary of the Parana by water volume?

Answer 8

Paraguay

Question 9

At the confluence of the Paraguay, how much does the discharge of the river increase by?

Answer 9

from 11,983-16,941 m cubed

Question 10

What are the free floating vegetation called that flows down the Parana?

Answer 10

Camalotes or Aquapes

Question 11

What do high amounts of river vegetation cause?

Answer 11

Retention of sediments

Question 12

What is the bed load composition of the upper Parana

Answer 12

95% quartz

Question 13

What was the maximun recorded discharge in the Parana?

Answer 13

50,000 m cubed

Question 14

What causes the Braided pattern of the Parana?

Answer 14

high availability of bed load sediment relative to suspended load sediment

Question 15

What protected the pantanal from early development?

Answer 15

Isolation from major cities and populations

Question 16

Why does the Pantanal face pressures of development?

Answer 16

Increased plans by the Brazilian, Bolivian and Paraguayan governments to develop economy in the area

Question 17

How much of the Pantanal is in Brazil?

Answer 17

85%

Question 18

What does the WWF describe the Pantanal as?

Answer 18

Globally outstanding

Question 19

What hinders discussions about environmentalism in the Pantanal?

Answer 19

Inseficiant information on economic, ecological, social and hydrological factors

Question 20

Where is the Pantanal situation geographically?

Answer 20

The Alto Paraguay Depression, Bra, Uru, Par

Question 21

How is human population distributed in the Pantanal?

Answer 21

Concentrated in small urban areas

Question 22

What is the soil quality of the Pantanal?

Answer 22

Acidic and have low fertility

Question 23

How long have humans lived in the Pantanal?

Answer 23

5000years

Question 24

How many people belonging to the original Guato nation lives in the Pantanal?

Answer 24

Just 50

Question 25

What did the Brazilian government introduce in the 1970s to the Pantanal to increase development? (PRODEPAN)

Answer 25

Program for the development of the Pantanal

Question 26

What were the aim of the many programs introduced to the Pantanal?

Answer 26

The utilisation of the natural resources of the Pantanal and its catchment area

Question 27

What do increased agroindustries do to rivers?

Answer 27

Increase sediment load

Question 28

How many hydroelectric dams are on the Pantanal?

Answer 28

9 (Generate 323MW)

Question 29

Who wrote the article on the Pantanal?

Answer 29

Junk and Cunha 2004

Question 30

What should be avoided in the Pantanal?

Answer 30

Construction of reservoirs as they would modify the hydrological regime of the wetlands

Question 31

Which engineering project could cause damage to the Pantanal?

Answer 31

The Brazil-Bolivian pipeline

Question 32

When was the Pantanal declared as a UNESCO worlds heritage site?

Answer 32

1993

Question 33

What is the esimated cost of the Pantanal per ha?

Answer 33

$8500 per ha

Question 34

How large is the Pantanal wetlands?

Answer 34

725 sqmiles

Question 35

How many cow farms or Fazendas are in the protected pantanal area?

Answer 35

2500

Question 36

What percentage of the Pantanal is privately owned?

Answer 36

99%

Question 37

How many bird species are located in the Pantanal?

Answer 37

1000

Question 38

what is the main threat to the Pantanal?

Answer 38

agriculture

Question 39

How many plant species are in the Pantanal?

Answer 39

3500

Question 40

How many mammal species live in the Pantanal?

Answer 40

300

Question 41

How does the Pantanal link to the Parana riversystem?

Answer 41

It surrounds the Paraguay river, water gaianed over winter is slowly let into the river system over summer, regulating the rivers flow

Question 42

What is the main reserve area of the Pantanal?

Answer 42

Pantanal Matogrossense National Park

Question 43

How large is the PMNK

Answer 43

520 Sq Miles