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Big Rivers > Mekong in Depth > Flashcards

Mekong in Depth Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the Mekong?

A

South East Asia

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2
Q

Which counties does the Mekong flow through?

A

China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam

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3
Q

Where has most of the development in the Mekong taken place?

A

The upstream section e.g China

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4
Q

Compared to other large rivers, how clean and natural is the Mekong?

A

Pristine, little pollution so far

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5
Q

What is the length of the Mekong?

A

4880km

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6
Q

What is the mean annual discharge of the Mekong?

A

14,800m cubed per second

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7
Q

What is the first 4000km of the river made up of?

A

Bed rock or thin alluvium above bed rock

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8
Q

Where is the large delta at the end of the Mekong?

A

Vietnam

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9
Q

What is the average seasonal change in river depth?

A

10m, can be as high as 20m in lower regions

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10
Q

What are deep river stages important for?

A

Fish migration and habitation

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11
Q

What features occupy the Mekong midway down its length?

A

Rock islands which can change and divert flow

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12
Q

Why does the river says ten constantly change?

A

There is large variations in water output from monsoons and Himalaya summer ice melts

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13
Q

What forms the 4000 Island stage of the Mekong?

A

Sediment load and bedrock formation

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14
Q

When is the peak of river volume?

A

June

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15
Q

Where is most of the Mekong discharge?

A

Far down the river, the catchment is much larger with more tributaries

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16
Q

What is the Tonle Sap?

A

A large seasonal lake which alters Mekong flow

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17
Q

Why is Tonle Sap different?

A

Has reversed flow in different parts of he year

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18
Q

What does flooding in the Tonle Sap create?

A

Diverse biological floodplain

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19
Q

When does the Tonle Sap flood?

A

May-October (wet season)

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20
Q

Where does most of the Mekong sediment end up?

A

Around the Tonle Sap catchment

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21
Q

What is the main Benidorm from the Mekong?

A

Large fish sticks due to nutrient heavy system

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22
Q

Where does most of the protein come from to the Cambodian diet?

A

Fish

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23
Q

How does the Mekong rate for fish stocks?

A

Most productive fishery in the world

24
Q

What has the large food availability led to?

A

Huge human population boom

25
Q

What has happened to amount of fish caught per fisherman?

A

Reduced due to more increased amount of fishermen, from 350-200kg

26
Q

What is the weight of fish caught in the Mekong?

A

225000tons, gone up from 125000

27
Q

What society was set up in 1957 to manage the Mekong river?

A

The Mekong Comittee

28
Q

What replaced the Mekong Committee In 1995?

A

The Mekong River Commission

29
Q

What was the aim of the Mekong River Commission?

A

“An economically prosperous, socially just and environmentally sound Mekong river basin”

30
Q

What is China’s main use of the Mekong?

A

Power, Trade to the Coast

31
Q

What is Thailands main use of the Mekong?

A

Water, Power from Laos tributaries

32
Q

What is Cambodias main use of the Mekong?

A

Water, Fish

33
Q

What is Vietnams main use of the Mekong?

A

Water, Productive and fertile delta region

34
Q

What is Laos main use of the Mekong?

A

Power

35
Q

Why are Cambodian officials worries about current plans for the Mekong?

A

More dams planned which would damage and effect the Cambodian fish stocks

36
Q

Which region is the centre for Mekong dam building?

A

The Lancang Cascade

37
Q

How much water does the Lancang Cascade store?

A

40 cubic Km of water

38
Q

What was the first dam build in the Cascade?

A

Manwan dam

39
Q

How many dams have been suggested on the Mekong?

A

14

40
Q

Which proposed dam is causing the most controversy?

A

The Xayaburi in Laos

41
Q

Who has funded the Xayaburi dam?

A

Thailand, The dams electricity will be sold in part to Thailand

42
Q

When is the Xayaburi dam due for completion?

A

2019-2020

43
Q

What is the resentment over the Xayaburi dam?

A

Will start the building of the other 13 proposed dams

44
Q

Why does Laos want to build the dam?

A

Very poor economy, dam will provide added income

45
Q

What will increasing dam building impact?

A

The size of the fertile floodplain in the lower Mekong basin

46
Q

What will 1m water level in the Mekong do to the size of the flooded area?

A

Reduced by 1000km

47
Q

What is the average value of a river world wide?

A

$3300 per ha/year

48
Q

How many dams is china aiming to build on the Mekong?

A

8

49
Q

Why is the river Important to those in the Laos area due to income?

A

They have a high poverty prevalence of 19%

50
Q

What percentage of Laos does not have access to clean water?

A

21%

51
Q

What will income be from hydropower generation?

A

3.7billion

52
Q

What would dam building cost to the local economy in terms of fish stocks and conservation costs?

A

500million/year

53
Q

What % of the Mekong would damming turn into reservoirs?

A

55% at the lower stages

54
Q

Out of the 11 proposed dams, how many contain fish ladders?

A

Just 3

55
Q

What percentage of river sediment would be trapped behind dams?

A

Up to 75%

56
Q

How would damming the Mekong effect the locals diet?

A

Reduce protein intake by 30%

57
Q

What does the SEA recommend for building of dams on the Mekong?

A

A 10year no building period after the first dam is built

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