paragraph 5 CONTACT AND CONFLICT Flashcards
US consensus 2015
immigration stats
modest rise in immigration mostly larger cities ie california texas new york florida
allport 1954 contact hypothesis
individuals who live in ethnically heterogenous regions have more opportunity to meet and interact with minority ethnic persons and therefore likely to develop favourable attitudes towards them
trump on preventing the contact hypothesis
highlights a divide between white americans and those who are different
muslim ban
mexican wall
propose that immigration etc poses a threat to homeland security
divide in america on trump and contact
whilst an arguable minority seem swayed by his ideas
many opposed -
anecdotal evidence based on the amount of protest against trumps muslim ban + consecutive orders against it to prevent its efficacy /passage
stats on terrorism and immigration
nowrasteh 2018
american murder in attack by refugee = 1 in 3.6bn p/year
+ illegal immigrant = 1 in 10.9bn p/year
terrorism stats in america
not specific upsurge in USA since largest in 9/11 - majority not specific to western countries (ourworldindata 2017)
media mainly focuses on terrorism in relation to radicalised islam > domestic terrorism by “troubled” soil-born individuals (powell 2011)
conflict theory
bobo 1999
exposure to contexts characterised by greater proportions of minority out-group members evokes competitive threat to in group position and thereby fuels prejudice
percieved threat based on percieved out group
link of contact/conflict and trump rhetoric
those who percieve more immigration (news, nearby cities) and believe trumps rhetoric about danger assoc with immigration - express fear and act against contact with minority individuals
piekut and valentine 2016
percieved diversity results
percieved vs actual diversity in leeds and warsaw, poland
pecieved diversity neg corr with social acceptance of ethnic minorities
- less approval of inclusion ie to education or equal rights
- relate to conflict theory - percieved threat about shifting or reduced access to privileged resources
largest effect when surrounds “invisible” minorities - not actually see diversity in streets but believe to be on the increase
piekut and valentine 2016
actual diversity results
actual statistical diversity pos assoc with social acceptance
those who live in ethnically diverse regions but do not perceive diversity = normalisation = translates into acceptance
piekut and valentine 2016
explanation
perception of diversity but not actual contact likely to be related to belief in trump rhetoric
- percieve on the rise and reduces social acceptance as heightens percieved threats
- whereas those who experience diversity see it as the norm and accept minority individuals into society
females arguably just as likely as men to conform to this
hopkins 2010
immigration + media
when immigration is a high profile issue nationally, living in a changing local context is more strongly related to anti immigrant attitudes
cities condemning muslim ban
anecdotal
higher pop of immigrants EXPERIENCED
new york, california, pennsylvania, washington
studies
us consensus 2015 allport 1954 nowrasteh 2018 our world in data 2017 bobo 1999 piekut and valentine 2016 powell 2011 hopkins 2010 Glaeser and Ward, 2006 Dellavigna and kaplan 2006
Glaeser and Ward, 2006
people more frequently live near and interact with those who share their partisan identity than those who do not
