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Para Lab 5 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cryptosporidium species that effect mammals?

A

C. parvum
C. Muris

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2
Q

Is cryptosporidium zoonotic or anthropozoonotic

A

Zoonotic

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3
Q

what sort of cryptosporidiosis infection presents no clinical symptoms

A

Mid/sub-clinical infection

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4
Q

What mammal and at what age does cryptosporidiosis mainly effect

A

Calves
1 - 3 weeks

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5
Q

What symptoms does cryptosporidiosis cause in young calves

A

Acute diarrhoea
Watery/pasty faeces with mucous shreds

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6
Q

What symptoms does C. parvum cause

A

Anorexia, fever, dehydration and death

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7
Q

How can we detect oocysts of cryptosporidiosis

A

Can detect oocysts with Flotation method with faeces

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8
Q

What is it difficult to distinguish cryptosporidium oocysts from in faeces

A

Yeast, plant debris and other small particles.

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9
Q

What size and shape is a cryptosporidium oocyst

A

5 - 8 um
Spherical

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10
Q

How many sporocysts and sporozoites does a cryptosporidium oocyst contain?

A

0 sprocysts
4 sporozoites

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11
Q

What staining methods can be used to detect oocysts in smears of mucosa/faeces.

A

Kinyoun
ZN
Safranin-methylene blue,
Giemsa

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12
Q

What colour can we stain cryptosporidium oocysts?

A

Red
Counter stain the background

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13
Q

What can be found in the ileum in terms of a cryptosporidium infection

A

Enteral catarrh

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14
Q

What can occur in the abomasum during a cryptosporidium infection

A

Cellular infiltration?

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15
Q

Which species of cryptosporidium infects the abomasum

A

C. muris

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16
Q

What are the 2 main areas affected by cryptosporidium?

A

Ileum
Abomasum - C. Muris

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17
Q

Which species of cryptosporidium are mainly found in birds

A

C. baileyi
C. meleagridis

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18
Q

What species are affected by C. baileyi and C. meleagridis?

A

Many species of bird especially young chickens

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19
Q

What are the main symptoms of cryptosporidium infection in birds

A

Respiratory disease
rarely diarrhoea

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20
Q

If respiratory disease is the main symptom of cryptosporidium infection in birds then what is its main mode of infection?

A

Infection via air

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21
Q

What signs of cryptosporidium infections of birds may occur in necropsy findings?

A

Inflammation of the air sacs, pneumonia, sinusitis.

Histological changes may occur in SI, LI, cloaca and bursa fabricii, trachea, bronchial, rarely in kidneys

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22
Q

Is toxoplasmosis zoonotic or anthropozoonotic

A

Zoonotic

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23
Q

What species is the final host of toxoplasmosis?

A

Cats

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24
Q

What species are the intermediate hosts of toxoplasmosis

A

Mammals and birds species

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25
What sort of infection is caused by toxoplasmosis and what are the clinical signs
Latent infection No clinical signs
26
What signs are seen in cats in the case of a toxoplasmosis infection?
Rarely seen: Encephalitis (infl of the brain) Enteritis (info of SI) Pneumonia
27
What signs are seen in dogs in the case of a toxoplasmosis infection?
Rarely seen: Anorexia Diarrhoea Pneumonia **CNS symptoms**
28
What signs are seen in horse in the case of a toxoplasmosis infection?
Rarely seen: Nervous signs - impaired vision
29
What signs are seen in pregnant ewes in the case of a toxoplasmosis infection?
Abortion in first half of gestation Foetus is stillborn / weak
30
What signs are seen in swine in the case of a toxoplasmosis infection?
Rarely: fever, apathy, diarrhoea, respiratory distress, CNS symptoms - all in acute phase Oregnant sows m abort, farrow weak or stillborn piglets
31
What signs are seen in pregnant women in the case of a toxoplasmosis infection?
Abortion Premature delivery Still-birth Mental disorders Blindness of the newborn
32
How can we detect toxoplasmosis infection?
Flotation method with faeces Detection of unsporulated oocysts
33
In what species can we use the flotation method to detect toxoplasmosis infection?
Cats ONLY Flotation method Patency period of 1 - 2 weeks or 20 days
34
What is the size of an unpopulated toxoplasmosis oocyst
10 x 12um
35
What do the sporulated oocysts of toxoplasmosis infection contain
2 sporocysts each containing 4 sporozoites
36
What is the oocyst of toxoplasmosis indistinguishable from?
Oocyst of hammondia hammondi
37
What staining method is used to detect toxoplasmosis
Sabin-Feldman dye test
38
What does a toxoplasm contain? Where can we get a sample?
Contains tachyzoites, fast growing cysts of 20 - 100um, round. Where: biopsy, CSF Stain the sample or IFAT
39
What species can be used in an inoculation test to determine presence of toxoplasmosis
Mouse Tachyzoites in ascites are 5 - 10 days Cysts in brain after 20 - 30 days RH strain kills in 4 - 7 days
40
What method can be used to detect toxoplasmosis from human CSF
PCR
41
What sort of CT can be sued to detect toxoplasmosis
Neuroimaging and Thallium-201 brain single photon emission CT
42
What species may abort or retain a mummified foetus
Sheep amd goat
43
What can occur on the placenta of sheep or goats infected with toxoplasmosis
Yellowish-white necrotic spots
44
What can occur in rabbits in the case of disseminated toxoplasmosis
Necrotic foci and granulomas in liver, spleen, lung and brain
45
What necropsy findings are present in dogs infected with toxoplasmosis
Disseminated toxoplasmosis in conjunction with Rubarths Disease, canine distemper etc. Necrotic and infl foci with cysts in organs
46
What is the causative agent of besnoitiosis in cattle?
Besnoitia besnoiti - HETEROXENOUS
47
Is benoitia besnoiti homoxenous or heteroxenous
HETEROXENOUS - infects more than one type of host
48
What is the intermediate and final host of besnoitia besnoti?
Intermediate - cattle Final - unknown
49
How can the cystozoites of benoitia benoiti be transmitted
Mechanically by blood sucking flies
50
Are the clinical sign of besnoitiosis symptomatic or asymptomatic
In the majority of cattle: asymptomatic
51
What are the symptoms of ACUTE besnoitiosis
Anorexia Fever Swollen LN Rhinitis Dyspnoea SC oedema
52
What are the symptoms of CHRONIC besnoitiosis
Skin thickening Wrinkling Alopecia
53
What is the Gender related side effects of besnoitiosis in cow and bull
Cow: abortion Bull: sterility (infection of testes)
54
In a case of besnoitiosis where can cysts be found
Sclera Conjunctiva Mucosa of resp and genital organs
55
Are the cysts seen with besnoitiosis microscopically or macroscopically visible
Macroscopically
56
What are the final hosts of sarcocystiosis
Dog, cat, wild car, man
57
What species carry intestinal sarcoma or idiotic
Dog, cat, wild car, man
58
What are the intermediate hosts of sarcocystiosis
Cattle, sheep, swine, horse, rabbit
59
In what species does muscle sarcosporidiosis occur
Cattle, sheep, swine, horse, rabbit
60
What are the clinical signs of sarcocystiosis infection in dog
No clinical signs even in heavy infection
61
What are the clinical signs of sarcocystiosis infection in man
Acute GI malaise 2 - 3 weeks later diarrhoea, 1 - 3 weeks: vomiting, shivering, sweating fever
62
What are the clinical signs of sarcocystiosis infection in cattle
(Dalmeny Disease) Anorexia Fever E aviation Exophthalmus Anaemia Decreased milk prod Dyspnoea Submandibular oedema Enlargement of LN Abortion
63
What are the clinical signs of sarcocystiosis infection in lambs
Anorexia Weakness Death may occur
64
What are the clinical signs of sarcocystiosis infection in pregnant ewes infected with S. ovicans
Abortion Anaemia
65
What are the clinical signs of sarcocystiosis infection in swine
5 - 9 days biphasal fever 11 - 15 days: Dyspnoea, anaemia, cyanosis, uncle spasm. Abortion in pregnant sows
66
What are the size of sarcocystiosis sporocysts in ca and fe
Ca: 12 - 16um Fe: 10 - 12um
67
What does a sporulated oocyst of sarcocystiosis contain
2 sporocysts Each containing 4 sporozoites
68
How can we detect sporocysts of sarcocystiosis
Flotation method with faeces
69
How can we identify sarcocystiosis species
Size and Shape of sporocysts Size and wall structure of cysts Host and intermediate host specificity Pathogenicity PP and length of latency
70
How can we detect sarcocystiosis sporocysts in intermediate hosts
Via antigens - cystozoite derived Schizonts and Merozoites

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