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Para Labs > Para Lab 5 Notes > Flashcards

Para Lab 5 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cryptosporidium species that effect mammals?

A

C. parvum
C. Muris

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2
Q

Is cryptosporidium zoonotic or anthropozoonotic

A

Zoonotic

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3
Q

what sort of cryptosporidiosis infection presents no clinical symptoms

A

Mid/sub-clinical infection

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4
Q

What mammal and at what age does cryptosporidiosis mainly effect

A

Calves
1 - 3 weeks

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5
Q

What symptoms does cryptosporidiosis cause in young calves

A

Acute diarrhoea
Watery/pasty faeces with mucous shreds

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6
Q

What symptoms does C. parvum cause

A

Anorexia, fever, dehydration and death

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7
Q

How can we detect oocysts of cryptosporidiosis

A

Can detect oocysts with Flotation method with faeces

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8
Q

What is it difficult to distinguish cryptosporidium oocysts from in faeces

A

Yeast, plant debris and other small particles.

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9
Q

What size and shape is a cryptosporidium oocyst

A

5 - 8 um
Spherical

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10
Q

How many sporocysts and sporozoites does a cryptosporidium oocyst contain?

A

0 sprocysts
4 sporozoites

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11
Q

What staining methods can be used to detect oocysts in smears of mucosa/faeces.

A

Kinyoun
ZN
Safranin-methylene blue,
Giemsa

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12
Q

What colour can we stain cryptosporidium oocysts?

A

Red
Counter stain the background

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13
Q

What can be found in the ileum in terms of a cryptosporidium infection

A

Enteral catarrh

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14
Q

What can occur in the abomasum during a cryptosporidium infection

A

Cellular infiltration?

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15
Q

Which species of cryptosporidium infects the abomasum

A

C. muris

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16
Q

What are the 2 main areas affected by cryptosporidium?

A

Ileum
Abomasum - C. Muris

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17
Q

Which species of cryptosporidium are mainly found in birds

A

C. baileyi
C. meleagridis

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18
Q

What species are affected by C. baileyi and C. meleagridis?

A

Many species of bird especially young chickens

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19
Q

What are the main symptoms of cryptosporidium infection in birds

A

Respiratory disease
rarely diarrhoea

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20
Q

If respiratory disease is the main symptom of cryptosporidium infection in birds then what is its main mode of infection?

A

Infection via air

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21
Q

What signs of cryptosporidium infections of birds may occur in necropsy findings?

A

Inflammation of the air sacs, pneumonia, sinusitis.

Histological changes may occur in SI, LI, cloaca and bursa fabricii, trachea, bronchial, rarely in kidneys

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22
Q

Is toxoplasmosis zoonotic or anthropozoonotic

A

Zoonotic

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23
Q

What species is the final host of toxoplasmosis?

A

Cats

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24
Q

What species are the intermediate hosts of toxoplasmosis

A

Mammals and birds species

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25
Q

What sort of infection is caused by toxoplasmosis and what are the clinical signs

A

Latent infection
No clinical signs

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26
Q

What signs are seen in cats in the case of a toxoplasmosis infection?

A

Rarely seen:
Encephalitis (infl of the brain)
Enteritis (info of SI)
Pneumonia

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27
Q

What signs are seen in dogs in the case of a toxoplasmosis infection?

A

Rarely seen:
Anorexia
Diarrhoea
Pneumonia
CNS symptoms

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28
Q

What signs are seen in horse in the case of a toxoplasmosis infection?

A

Rarely seen:
Nervous signs - impaired vision

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29
Q

What signs are seen in pregnant ewes in the case of a toxoplasmosis infection?

A

Abortion in first half of gestation
Foetus is stillborn / weak

30
Q

What signs are seen in swine in the case of a toxoplasmosis infection?

A

Rarely: fever, apathy, diarrhoea, respiratory distress, CNS symptoms - all in acute phase

Oregnant sows m abort, farrow weak or stillborn piglets

31
Q

What signs are seen in pregnant women in the case of a toxoplasmosis infection?

A

Abortion
Premature delivery
Still-birth
Mental disorders
Blindness of the newborn

32
Q

How can we detect toxoplasmosis infection?

A

Flotation method with faeces
Detection of unsporulated oocysts

33
Q

In what species can we use the flotation method to detect toxoplasmosis infection?

A

Cats ONLY
Flotation method
Patency period of 1 - 2 weeks or 20 days

34
Q

What is the size of an unpopulated toxoplasmosis oocyst

A

10 x 12um

35
Q

What do the sporulated oocysts of toxoplasmosis infection contain

A

2 sporocysts each containing 4 sporozoites

36
Q

What is the oocyst of toxoplasmosis indistinguishable from?

A

Oocyst of hammondia hammondi

37
Q

What staining method is used to detect toxoplasmosis

A

Sabin-Feldman dye test

38
Q

What does a toxoplasm contain?
Where can we get a sample?

A

Contains tachyzoites, fast growing cysts of 20 - 100um, round.

Where: biopsy, CSF

Stain the sample or IFAT

39
Q

What species can be used in an inoculation test to determine presence of toxoplasmosis

A

Mouse
Tachyzoites in ascites are 5 - 10 days
Cysts in brain after 20 - 30 days
RH strain kills in 4 - 7 days

40
Q

What method can be used to detect toxoplasmosis from human CSF

A

PCR

41
Q

What sort of CT can be sued to detect toxoplasmosis

A

Neuroimaging and Thallium-201 brain single photon emission CT

42
Q

What species may abort or retain a mummified foetus

A

Sheep amd goat

43
Q

What can occur on the placenta of sheep or goats infected with toxoplasmosis

A

Yellowish-white necrotic spots

44
Q

What can occur in rabbits in the case of disseminated toxoplasmosis

A

Necrotic foci and granulomas in liver, spleen, lung and brain

45
Q

What necropsy findings are present in dogs infected with toxoplasmosis

A

Disseminated toxoplasmosis in conjunction with Rubarths Disease, canine distemper etc.

Necrotic and infl foci with cysts in organs

46
Q

What is the causative agent of besnoitiosis in cattle?

A

Besnoitia besnoiti - HETEROXENOUS

47
Q

Is benoitia besnoiti homoxenous or heteroxenous

A

HETEROXENOUS - infects more than one type of host

48
Q

What is the intermediate and final host of besnoitia besnoti?

A

Intermediate - cattle
Final - unknown

49
Q

How can the cystozoites of benoitia benoiti be transmitted

A

Mechanically by blood sucking flies

50
Q

Are the clinical sign of besnoitiosis symptomatic or asymptomatic

A

In the majority of cattle: asymptomatic

51
Q

What are the symptoms of ACUTE besnoitiosis

A

Anorexia
Fever
Swollen LN
Rhinitis
Dyspnoea
SC oedema

52
Q

What are the symptoms of CHRONIC besnoitiosis

A

Skin thickening
Wrinkling
Alopecia

53
Q

What is the Gender related side effects of besnoitiosis in cow and bull

A

Cow: abortion
Bull: sterility (infection of testes)

54
Q

In a case of besnoitiosis where can cysts be found

A

Sclera
Conjunctiva
Mucosa of resp and genital organs

55
Q

Are the cysts seen with besnoitiosis microscopically or macroscopically visible

A

Macroscopically

56
Q

What are the final hosts of sarcocystiosis

A

Dog, cat, wild car, man

57
Q

What species carry intestinal sarcoma or idiotic

A

Dog, cat, wild car, man

58
Q

What are the intermediate hosts of sarcocystiosis

A

Cattle, sheep, swine, horse, rabbit

59
Q

In what species does muscle sarcosporidiosis occur

A

Cattle, sheep, swine, horse, rabbit

60
Q

What are the clinical signs of sarcocystiosis infection in dog

A

No clinical signs even in heavy infection

61
Q

What are the clinical signs of sarcocystiosis infection in man

A

Acute GI malaise
2 - 3 weeks later diarrhoea,
1 - 3 weeks: vomiting, shivering, sweating fever

62
Q

What are the clinical signs of sarcocystiosis infection in cattle

A

(Dalmeny Disease)

Anorexia
Fever
E aviation
Exophthalmus
Anaemia
Decreased milk prod
Dyspnoea
Submandibular oedema
Enlargement of LN
Abortion

63
Q

What are the clinical signs of sarcocystiosis infection in lambs

A

Anorexia
Weakness
Death may occur

64
Q

What are the clinical signs of sarcocystiosis infection in pregnant ewes infected with S. ovicans

A

Abortion
Anaemia

65
Q

What are the clinical signs of sarcocystiosis infection in swine

A

5 - 9 days biphasal fever
11 - 15 days: Dyspnoea, anaemia, cyanosis, uncle spasm.

Abortion in pregnant sows

66
Q

What are the size of sarcocystiosis sporocysts in ca and fe

A

Ca: 12 - 16um
Fe: 10 - 12um

67
Q

What does a sporulated oocyst of sarcocystiosis contain

A

2 sporocysts
Each containing 4 sporozoites

68
Q

How can we detect sporocysts of sarcocystiosis

A

Flotation method with faeces

69
Q

How can we identify sarcocystiosis species

A

Size and Shape of sporocysts
Size and wall structure of cysts
Host and intermediate host specificity
Pathogenicity
PP and length of latency

70
Q

How can we detect sarcocystiosis sporocysts in intermediate hosts

A

Via antigens - cystozoite derived

Schizonts and Merozoites

Para Labs (5 decks)

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