Para Lab 5 Notes Flashcards
What are the cryptosporidium species that effect mammals?
C. parvum
C. Muris
Is cryptosporidium zoonotic or anthropozoonotic
Zoonotic
what sort of cryptosporidiosis infection presents no clinical symptoms
Mid/sub-clinical infection
What mammal and at what age does cryptosporidiosis mainly effect
Calves
1 - 3 weeks
What symptoms does cryptosporidiosis cause in young calves
Acute diarrhoea
Watery/pasty faeces with mucous shreds
What symptoms does C. parvum cause
Anorexia, fever, dehydration and death
How can we detect oocysts of cryptosporidiosis
Can detect oocysts with Flotation method with faeces
What is it difficult to distinguish cryptosporidium oocysts from in faeces
Yeast, plant debris and other small particles.
What size and shape is a cryptosporidium oocyst
5 - 8 um
Spherical
How many sporocysts and sporozoites does a cryptosporidium oocyst contain?
0 sprocysts
4 sporozoites
What staining methods can be used to detect oocysts in smears of mucosa/faeces.
Kinyoun
ZN
Safranin-methylene blue,
Giemsa
What colour can we stain cryptosporidium oocysts?
Red
Counter stain the background
What can be found in the ileum in terms of a cryptosporidium infection
Enteral catarrh
What can occur in the abomasum during a cryptosporidium infection
Cellular infiltration?
Which species of cryptosporidium infects the abomasum
C. muris
What are the 2 main areas affected by cryptosporidium?
Ileum
Abomasum - C. Muris
Which species of cryptosporidium are mainly found in birds
C. baileyi
C. meleagridis
What species are affected by C. baileyi and C. meleagridis?
Many species of bird especially young chickens
What are the main symptoms of cryptosporidium infection in birds
Respiratory disease
rarely diarrhoea
If respiratory disease is the main symptom of cryptosporidium infection in birds then what is its main mode of infection?
Infection via air
What signs of cryptosporidium infections of birds may occur in necropsy findings?
Inflammation of the air sacs, pneumonia, sinusitis.
Histological changes may occur in SI, LI, cloaca and bursa fabricii, trachea, bronchial, rarely in kidneys
Is toxoplasmosis zoonotic or anthropozoonotic
Zoonotic
What species is the final host of toxoplasmosis?
Cats
What species are the intermediate hosts of toxoplasmosis
Mammals and birds species
What sort of infection is caused by toxoplasmosis and what are the clinical signs
Latent infection
No clinical signs
What signs are seen in cats in the case of a toxoplasmosis infection?
Rarely seen:
Encephalitis (infl of the brain)
Enteritis (info of SI)
Pneumonia
What signs are seen in dogs in the case of a toxoplasmosis infection?
Rarely seen:
Anorexia
Diarrhoea
Pneumonia
CNS symptoms
What signs are seen in horse in the case of a toxoplasmosis infection?
Rarely seen:
Nervous signs - impaired vision
What signs are seen in pregnant ewes in the case of a toxoplasmosis infection?
Abortion in first half of gestation
Foetus is stillborn / weak
What signs are seen in swine in the case of a toxoplasmosis infection?
Rarely: fever, apathy, diarrhoea, respiratory distress, CNS symptoms - all in acute phase
Oregnant sows m abort, farrow weak or stillborn piglets
What signs are seen in pregnant women in the case of a toxoplasmosis infection?
Abortion
Premature delivery
Still-birth
Mental disorders
Blindness of the newborn
How can we detect toxoplasmosis infection?
Flotation method with faeces
Detection of unsporulated oocysts
In what species can we use the flotation method to detect toxoplasmosis infection?
Cats ONLY
Flotation method
Patency period of 1 - 2 weeks or 20 days
What is the size of an unpopulated toxoplasmosis oocyst
10 x 12um
What do the sporulated oocysts of toxoplasmosis infection contain
2 sporocysts each containing 4 sporozoites
What is the oocyst of toxoplasmosis indistinguishable from?
Oocyst of hammondia hammondi
What staining method is used to detect toxoplasmosis
Sabin-Feldman dye test
What does a toxoplasm contain?
Where can we get a sample?
Contains tachyzoites, fast growing cysts of 20 - 100um, round.
Where: biopsy, CSF
Stain the sample or IFAT
What species can be used in an inoculation test to determine presence of toxoplasmosis
Mouse
Tachyzoites in ascites are 5 - 10 days
Cysts in brain after 20 - 30 days
RH strain kills in 4 - 7 days
What method can be used to detect toxoplasmosis from human CSF
PCR
What sort of CT can be sued to detect toxoplasmosis
Neuroimaging and Thallium-201 brain single photon emission CT
What species may abort or retain a mummified foetus
Sheep amd goat
What can occur on the placenta of sheep or goats infected with toxoplasmosis
Yellowish-white necrotic spots
What can occur in rabbits in the case of disseminated toxoplasmosis
Necrotic foci and granulomas in liver, spleen, lung and brain
What necropsy findings are present in dogs infected with toxoplasmosis
Disseminated toxoplasmosis in conjunction with Rubarths Disease, canine distemper etc.
Necrotic and infl foci with cysts in organs
What is the causative agent of besnoitiosis in cattle?
Besnoitia besnoiti - HETEROXENOUS
Is benoitia besnoiti homoxenous or heteroxenous
HETEROXENOUS - infects more than one type of host
What is the intermediate and final host of besnoitia besnoti?
Intermediate - cattle
Final - unknown
How can the cystozoites of benoitia benoiti be transmitted
Mechanically by blood sucking flies
Are the clinical sign of besnoitiosis symptomatic or asymptomatic
In the majority of cattle: asymptomatic
What are the symptoms of ACUTE besnoitiosis
Anorexia
Fever
Swollen LN
Rhinitis
Dyspnoea
SC oedema
What are the symptoms of CHRONIC besnoitiosis
Skin thickening
Wrinkling
Alopecia
What is the Gender related side effects of besnoitiosis in cow and bull
Cow: abortion
Bull: sterility (infection of testes)
In a case of besnoitiosis where can cysts be found
Sclera
Conjunctiva
Mucosa of resp and genital organs
Are the cysts seen with besnoitiosis microscopically or macroscopically visible
Macroscopically
What are the final hosts of sarcocystiosis
Dog, cat, wild car, man
What species carry intestinal sarcoma or idiotic
Dog, cat, wild car, man
What are the intermediate hosts of sarcocystiosis
Cattle, sheep, swine, horse, rabbit
In what species does muscle sarcosporidiosis occur
Cattle, sheep, swine, horse, rabbit
What are the clinical signs of sarcocystiosis infection in dog
No clinical signs even in heavy infection
What are the clinical signs of sarcocystiosis infection in man
Acute GI malaise
2 - 3 weeks later diarrhoea,
1 - 3 weeks: vomiting, shivering, sweating fever
What are the clinical signs of sarcocystiosis infection in cattle
(Dalmeny Disease)
Anorexia
Fever
E aviation
Exophthalmus
Anaemia
Decreased milk prod
Dyspnoea
Submandibular oedema
Enlargement of LN
Abortion
What are the clinical signs of sarcocystiosis infection in lambs
Anorexia
Weakness
Death may occur
What are the clinical signs of sarcocystiosis infection in pregnant ewes infected with S. ovicans
Abortion
Anaemia
What are the clinical signs of sarcocystiosis infection in swine
5 - 9 days biphasal fever
11 - 15 days: Dyspnoea, anaemia, cyanosis, uncle spasm.
Abortion in pregnant sows
What are the size of sarcocystiosis sporocysts in ca and fe
Ca: 12 - 16um
Fe: 10 - 12um
What does a sporulated oocyst of sarcocystiosis contain
2 sporocysts
Each containing 4 sporozoites
How can we detect sporocysts of sarcocystiosis
Flotation method with faeces
How can we identify sarcocystiosis species
Size and Shape of sporocysts
Size and wall structure of cysts
Host and intermediate host specificity
Pathogenicity
PP and length of latency
How can we detect sarcocystiosis sporocysts in intermediate hosts
Via antigens - cystozoite derived
Schizonts and Merozoites
