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Papillon Study > Papillon Interview Study > Flashcards

Papillon Interview Study Flashcards

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1
Q

135 Flight time limitations:

24 hours

Quarter

2 Consecutive quarters

Year

A

8 hours

500 hours/ quarter

800 hours/2 consecutive quarters

1,400 hours/calendar year

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2
Q

135 Rest requirements/ 24 consecutive hours

A

10 consecutive hours of rest

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3
Q

135 Rest requirements

Exceeded by:

<30 minutes

> 30 minutes <60

> 60

A

10 hours of consecutive rest w/ 8 hrs flight time

11 hrs rest

12 hrs rest

16 hrs rest

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4
Q

What are isogonic lines

A

Lines of equal magnetic variation

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5
Q

How do you convert magnetic HD to True HD

A

Compass HD +/- variation

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6
Q

Where are three places you can find mag HD on the sectional

A

Navaid Compass Rose

Runways

Airways

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7
Q

What are alert areas?

A

Non regulatory areas of high volume training acft

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8
Q

What are MOA’s

A

Non-regulatory areas that seperate military flights from IFR tfc

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9
Q

How do you contact the controlling agency?

Is this asking permission?

A

Freq listed on sectional

Call FSS w/in 100 NM

This is not asking permission

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10
Q

Are listed MOA altitudes ceilings or floors?

A

Floors unless stated otherwise

Go to but not including FL 180

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11
Q

136 applies to who?

A

135, 119.1 (e)(2), 91.146 ops doing commercial air tours

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12
Q

What is required in a pax briefing per 136.7?

A

seatbelt use, no smoking, how to exit

More for over water….

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13
Q

What must be included in the 136.13 Performance Plan?

A

Consider Max DA to determine: IGE/OGE, W and B limits, Max combo of wt/alt/temp for H/V to be valid. Must avoid shaded areas of H/V

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14
Q

Can you land a helicopter in a National Park?

A

No, unless permission given, otherwise prohibited. Also, requested to fly above 2,000’ AGL

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15
Q

How tall does an obstruction have to be in order to be charted?

A

More than 200’ or more than 299’ if in a congested area

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16
Q

How much clearance does an MEF give?

A

Elevation of Terrain + 100’ or 1/2 a contour interval then rounded up to nearest 100’. Obstructions use same process but with an additional 200’ buffer

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17
Q

What are the 2 main categories of airspace?

A

Regulatory (A,B,C,D, E, Restricted and Prohibited areas)

Non-regulatory (G, MOA, Warning area, alert area, CFA, NSA)

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18
Q

What 4 types of airspace are there?

A

Controlled, Uncontrolled, Special Use, Other

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19
Q

What are the basic VFR wx mins for controlled airspace?

A

A N/A, B C.O.C, C/D 3 1-5-2, E <10,000 3 1-5-2 | E >10,000 5 1-1-1

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20
Q

What is the pilot’s responsibility prior to entering controlled airspace even if under radar advisories?

A

Ensure that ATC clearance or radio communication requirements are met.

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21
Q

What are the vertical and lateral boundaries of class A airspace?

A

18,000 MSL to and including FL 600

Overlying waters w/in 12 NM off the coast of the 48 contiguous States and AK

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22
Q

How can you request a deviation from using the Mode C x-sponder in Class B?

A

The request must be submitted to the controlling ATC facility at least 1 hour before the proposed operation.

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23
Q

What equipment is required inside class E airspace?

A

No specific equipment requirements. Transponder use in Mode C and above 10,00 MSL excluding 2,500’ AGL

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24
Q

What requirements must be met for an airport to qualify for Class E to the sfc?

A

Must have wx observation and reporting capability, and communications capability must exist w/ acft down to rnwy sfc.

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25
Q

What is the height hover taxi are expected to stay below without further ATC approval?

A

25’ AGL

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26
Q

What is the height air taxi is expected to stay below without further ATC approval

A

100’ AGL

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27
Q

How long are TAFs valid and what area do they forecast?

A

Valid for 24 or 30 hours

Forecast 5 NM radius around airport

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28
Q

What lists official wx sources for commercial operators?

A

OPSPECS

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29
Q

What is a wx observation?

A

Raw wx data collected by some type of sensor suite (observations/imagery)

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30
Q

What is a wx analysis?

A

Enhanced depiction and/or interpretation of observed wx data. (wx man made sense of the observation)

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31
Q

What is the AIM CH 7 definition of a forecast?

A

Predictions based on observations and various mathematical models

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32
Q

When are SIGMETS issued and how long are they valid?

A

Sever icing, severe/extreme/CAT turbulence, widespread dust storms w/ viz below 3 mi, volcanic ash
Valid for 4 hours

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33
Q

When are Convective SIGMETS issued and how long are they valid?

A

Sever thunderstorms due to: sfc winds +50kts, hail +3/4”, tornadoes, embedded T-storms, line of T-storms, T-storms w/ precip +heavy affecting 40% + of area at least 3000 Sq Mi
Valid for 2 hours

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34
Q

What are the characteristics of a microburst in terms of:

Size
Intensity
Visual signs
Duration

A

Size: <1 mi diameter until outflow then 2 1/2 mi diameter

Intenstity: downdrafts of 6,000 fpm, horiz winds of 45 kts

Visual: anywhere w/ convective activity to include virga

Duration: Usually <15 min most intense at 2-4 min

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35
Q

Where can severe turbulence be expected around a T-storm?

A

Anywhere in the visible storm and up to 20 miles from severe storms

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36
Q

What cloud height does AIM CH 7 regard as extremely hazardous thunderstorms?

A

Tops 35,000’ +

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37
Q

What temperature range does AIM CH 7 tell you to expect icing?

A

+2 C to -10 C in visible moisture

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38
Q

What temperature range has an increased chance for lighting strikes?

A

At altitudes where the temperature is between -5 C and +5 C

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39
Q

What direction are winds given in forecasts?

A

Relative to True North

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40
Q

What height is the cut off for wind shear to be considered LLWS?

A

below 2,000’ AGL

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41
Q

What does TEMPO on TAF mean?

A

Changes expected for <1 hour and in total

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42
Q

What proximity to the airport is VC (vicinity) for?

A

5 to 10 SM Beyond 10 SM designated as DSNT (Distant)

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43
Q

What does FM in a TAF indicate?

A

Rapid changes in wx usually occuring in less than 1 hour

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44
Q

What does BECMG in a TAF indicate?

A

Used when a gradual change in conditions is expected over a longer time period, usually 2 hours

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45
Q

What are the first limit indicators for the EC-130

A

Torque (TQ)
TOT
N1 (gas generator)

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46
Q

Size of EC-130 Fuel Tank:

Fuel burn at recommended cruz:

Endurance:

A

143 Gal

<350 lbs/hr

+ 4 hrs

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47
Q

What are the 10 sections of the R44 POH?

A

Gen, Limits, EPs, Norm, Perform., W/B, Systems, Mx/handling, Supps, Safety Tips

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48
Q

Who is responsible for maintaining acft in airworthy condition?
Who is responsible to determine acft safe for flight?

A

Owner Operator

PIC

49
Q

What are the general dimensions of the R44?

A

Width: ~7’
Height: ~11’
Lenth: ~30’
Rotor Diameter: 33’

50
Q

What is the amount of blade twist for the M/R on the R44?

What length is the chord?

A

-6 degrees

10” chord

51
Q

What are the ratios for the R44 drive system?

A 
Engine to upp. sheave: .778:1 reduction
M/R Gearbox: 11:57 reduction
T/R Gearbox: 31:27 Increase
2,718 * .778 = 2114.6, 2114.6 * 11 / 57 = 408 RPM
2114.6 * 31 / 27 = 2427.87 RPM
52
Q

What engine is on the R44 I?

What do the numbers/letters mean?

A 
0-540-F1B5
0 = opposed
540 = 541.5 Cubic Inch Displacement
F = Power rating/engine config.
1 = engine mount setup (nose/fixed wing)
B = Engine accessories (oil pump, mags)
5 = Spec for counterweights on crankshaft
53
Q

What are the engine specs for the 0-540-F1B5?

A

6 cylinder, horiz. Opposed, direct drive, air cooled, carb. equipped, normally aspirated.
Rated: 260 BHP 2800 RPM
De-rated: 205 BHP 2718 RPM (102%)
5 min TOP: 225 BHP 2718 RPM

54
Q

What is the formula to calculate PA?

DA?

A

29.92 - field press X 1,000 + FE = PA

Current temp - std temp X 120 + PA = DA

55
Q

What is critical altitude?

A

Altitude at which full throttle produces max allowable MCP or TOP

56
Q 
R44 I airspeed limitations:
VnE over 2200 lbs
VnE Auto
Abv MCP
Doors off
A

120 KIAS over 2200 lbs (-10)
100 KIAS Auto (-30)
100 KIAS abv MCP
100 KIAS w/ any door combo removed

57
Q

R44 I RPM limits pwr on

A

102% Maximum 408 RPM

101% minimum 404 RPM

58
Q

R44 I RPM limits pwr off

A

108% Maximum 432 RPM

90% Minimum 360 RPM

59
Q 
Weights for wt/bal calculations:
Oil
100LL
Jet-A
Water
A

Oil: 7.5 lbs/gal (4 quarts/gal) 1.875 lbs/quart
100LL: 6 lbs/ gal
Jet-A (JP5): 6.8 lbs/gal
Water: 8.35 lbs/gal

60
Q

R44 I max GW
Min GW
Wt/seat
Wt/ Baggage compart.

A

Max GW: 2400 lbs
Min GW: 1550 lbs
/seat: 300 lbs including baggage
Baggage: 50 lbs

61
Q

R44 I CG envelope limits
Longitudinal:
Lateral:

A

92 to 102.5 Inches from Datum

+/- 3 Inches Lateral

62
Q

What is wired through the engine LH magneto?

A

Contact points for governor and engine tachometer

63
Q

What is the max operating altitude for the R44 I?

Max DA?

A

9,000 AGL (w/in 5 min of ground)

14,000 DA

64
Q

What is required equipment for the R44/ the POH

A

GOAL-H

Gov, OAT, Alternator, Low rotor RPM warning sys, hydraulics.

65
Q

What is the fuel capacity of the R44 I?

A

Main tank: 30.5 Tot / 29.5 Usable
Aux: 17.2 Tot / 17.0 Usable
Total: 47.7 Tot / 46.5 Usable

66
Q

What is the red line on the manifold pressure indicator?

A

26.3 IN.HG

67
Q

How much extra manifold pressure can you pull to obtain TOP in the R44 I?

A

Add 1.6 IN.HG

68
Q

Why does the VnE chart depict no flight from 14,000 PA -20 C and above?

A

VnE at 14,000’ and -20 is 89 kts. Auto VnE would be 59 KIAS. Less than 70 KIAS recommended auto speed/60 KIAS min recommended

69
Q

What is the definition of land immediately?

A

Land on nearest clear spot where normal landing can be performed. Be PREPARED TO ENTER AN AUTO

70
Q

In best glide distance config. what is the glide ratio?

A

90 KIAS / 90% RPM

4.7 : 1 or ~1 NM / 1300’ AGL

71
Q

In minimum rate of descent config what is the glide ratio?

A

55 KIAS / 90% RPM
Min rate of descent is ~ 1350 FPM
Ratio 4:1 or 1 NM / 1500’ AGL

72
Q

What is the procedure for loss of tail rotor thrust in fwd flight?

A

Immediately enter auto
Maintain at least 70 KIAS if practical
Select landing site, roll throttle to detent, land
Note: may have cntrlability w/ spds abv 70 KIAS

73
Q

What is the procedure for engine fire in flight?

A 
Auto
Cabin heat OFF
Cabin Vent ON
Fuel valve depends on engine running/not
Batt OFF
Brake time permitting
74
Q

What is the procedure for electrical fire in flight?

A 
Batt/alternator switches OFF
Open cabin vents
Land Immediately
Mixture/Fuel valve OFF
Rotor Brake
75
Q

Battery bypass circuit supplies power to what?

A

Clock

Engine and rotor Tach

76
Q

What is the procedure for hydraulic failure?

A

Verify hyd switch ON
Not restored turn HYD switch OFF
Adjust spd for comfortable cntrl
Land as soon as practical

77
Q

What conditions require LAND IMMEDIATELY?

A 
Engine failure
Drive failure
Engine fire / electrical fire
Oil Pressure loss
Gearbox lights w/ other indications
Clutch light w/ other indications
CO w/ symptoms
78
Q

Low fuel light indicates how much fuel remaining?

A

3 usable gallons

10 minutes at cruise power

79
Q

When is it required to pull the CLUTCH C/B?

A

Light stays on for 10 seconds or flickers. Land as soon as practical

80
Q 
Recommended airspeeds:
Takeoff/climb
Max rate of climb
Max Range
Max Cruise
Significant turbulence
Autos
A 
60 KIAS takeoff/climb
55 KIAS VY
100 KIAS Max Range
110 Max Cruise
60 - 70 KIAS significant turbulence
Autos 60 - 70 KIAS
81
Q

What is the minimum oil pressure w/in 30 seconds of start?

A

25 PSI

82
Q

At what RPM does the low rotor horn / light come on?

A

97%

83
Q

What RPM does rotor stall occur?

A

80% + 1% per 1,000’ of altitude (DA)

84
Q

What conditions are most prone to carb ice per POH?

A

OAT between -4 and 30 C (25 F and 86 F)

Dew point less than 15 C (27 F)

85
Q

What parameters were hover controllability checked to?

A

17 kt wind from any direction
up to 9,600’ DA
(refers to IGE chart)

86
Q

How much does full carb heat reduce hover ceilings?

A

Up to 2,400 ft

87
Q

What temperature is R44 I engine cooling demonstrated to?

A 
38 C (100 F) at sea level or
23 C (41 F) abv ISA at altitude
88
Q

What is the 11,600 DA line on IGE/OGE for?

A

Hover controllability tested to 9,600’ DA

FAA allows 2,000’ extrapolation beyond actual testing

89
Q

What power setting is the OGE chart based on?

A

TOP or Full Throttle

90
Q

Dimensions of R44 I H/V shaded area

A 
7,000' DA @ 2100 lbs 600' top
Sea Level @ 2,400 lbs 400' top
Bottom of H/V 10'
Lower shaded area starts @ 45 KIAS
Top of lower shaded area ~ 20'
91
Q

What can loading outside the w/b limit result in?

A

Insufficient control travel for safe operation

92
Q

What components are part of the tail rotor drive shaft?

A

lightly loaded damper bearing (no support bearings)

two flex couplings, one at either end of drive shaft

93
Q

What is a wet sump oil system?

A

Uses crankcase as a built in oil reservoir

94
Q

Where is alternate air for the engine pulled from in the event the induction system is clogged?

A

At the bottom of the radial flow air filter. Big round thing under the helicopter

95
Q

What pressure does the hydraulic system operate at?

A

450 to 500 PSI

96
Q

How does the clutch actuator work?

A

Upper sheave is raised by electric actuator located between the drive sheaves.

97
Q

Where is the fuse for the clutch actuator motor?

What does the clutch C/B power?

A

Located on the test switch panel (caution light test)
Also, a spare fuse located here.
C/B removes power to motor and light

98
Q

What does the ammeter indicate?

A

Current to the battery

99
Q

How does the alternator produce DC current?

A

Rectifiers (diode bridge) converts AC to DC.

100
Q

With full carb heat how much extra MAP is required to produce max continuous or TOP?

A

1.5 INHG

101
Q

What are the voltages/amp ratings for the 14 V system

A

12 V / 24 amphr batt

14 V alternator (amp hr?)

102
Q

What instructions must helicopter be maintained IAW?

A

Mx Manual, ICA’s, SB’s, Service letters…, and AD’s

103
Q

Engine power is directly proportional to what?

A

Rotor RPM

Ex: RPM drops 10%, there is 10% less power

104
Q

After clutch engagement how soon should the rotor begin to turn?

A

w/in 5 seconds

105
Q

What is required awareness trng under SFAR 73

A

Ground training on:
Energy Management
Low rotor RPM/rotor stall
Low G/Mast Bumping

106
Q

What is required flt training to act as PIC under SFAR 73

A

Advanced autorotations
Gov off
low rotor rpm recongition/recovery
Low G/Mast bumping

107
Q

What req’s must be met to act as PIC in a R44

A 
Awareness training
Aeronautical exp:
200+ hrs total 50 hrs in R44 or
10 hrs dual instruction
Non-rated reqs 20 hrs dual and 90 day endorsment
108
Q

What does TOPS stand for?

A

Tour Operator’s Program of Safety

109
Q

What is the relationship between T/R thrust and RPM

A

T/R thrust proportional to square of RPM

110
Q

How much teetering clearance is between hub and mast?

A

~12 degrees on R44

Gyroscopic lag in low G causes 10 deg of tilt

111
Q

Why is low rotor RPM more critical at high DA?

A

Rotor demand increases and power available decreases

112
Q

What conditions have to be met for starter to activate?

A

Grnd: clutch disengaged, rotor brake disengaged, batt on
Flt: w/ clutch engaged, Nr abv 69% allows aerial restart
Starter lockout wired through Nr horn/light circuit

113
Q

What flight restrictions does TOPS impose?

A

500’ min alt
1 mi min viz
max bank 30 deg
max pitch 10 deg

114
Q

What documents have to be carried in the helicopter and what rules req each?

A

Airworthiness Cert (91.203)
Registration (91.203)
POH (91.9)
Current W/B (NOTE 1 TCDS)

115
Q

What are general dimensions of TFR’s for sporting events?

A

3 NM radius 2,500’ AGL

116
Q

If 91.213 allows flight w/out an inoperative piece of equipment, when does that equipment have to be repaired?

A

Must be R^2, removed, or inspected at the next required inspection (91.405)

117
Q

Under part 135, how many 24 hour rest periods are required per quarter?

A

13 minimum

118
Q

What are the hour requirements to work single pilot under 135?

A

500 hours total
100 hours cross country
25 hours night cross country

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