Papilloedema Flashcards
What is papilloedema?
Swollen optic disc due to raised intracranial pressure, requiring emergency referral.
What are the main symptoms of papilloedema?
Severe headache, Nausea, Vomiting, Normal or sudden blanking of vision lasting seconds.
What are the mechanical and vascular signs of papilloedema?
Mechanical and vascular elevation of the ONH, Blurring of OD margins, Filling of the physiological cup, Oedema of the peripapillary NFL.
What are additional optic disc-related signs of papilloedema?
Hyperaemia of the disc, Loss of SVP, Venous congestion.
What retinal findings are common in papilloedema?
Retinal and choroidal folds, Papillary and peripapillary haemorrhages, Hard exudates, Cotton wool spots (CWS).
What visual symptoms can occur with papilloedema?
Enlarged blind spot and diplopia (6th cranial nerve palsy).
What are common causes of papilloedema?
Brain tumours, Meningitis, Hydrocephalus, Pseudo-tumour cerebri.
What is a key differential diagnosis for papilloedema?
Pseudopapilloedema - no halo, no haemorrhages, small disc with abnormal branching.
What conditions need to be ruled out when diagnosing papilloedema?
Optic neuritis, Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION), Hypertension.
What are the key features of Grade 1 papilloedema?
Blurring of the OD margins, Hyperaemia, Loss of SVP, C-shaped oedema surrounding the disc.
What is the defining feature of Grade 2 papilloedema?
A halo surrounds the entire optic disc.
What is the defining feature of Grade 3 papilloedema?
Oedema covers the blood vessels as they leave the disc.
What is the defining feature of Grade 4 papilloedema?
Oedema covers the blood vessels on the disc itself.
What are early disc signs of papilloedema?
Disc hyperaemia with dilated disc capillaries, Nerve fiber layer opacification.
What are optic disc-related signs of papilloedema progression?
Blurred disc margins, Loss of SVP, Dilated veins.
