Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sudden Vision Loss > CRVO > Flashcards

CRVO Flashcards

1
Q

What is CRVO?

A

Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO) is a blockage of the central retinal vein, leading to vision problems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are common causes of CRVO?

A
  • Age
  • Systemic hypertension (HBP)
  • Diabetes
  • Arteriosclerosis
  • Smoking
  • Raised intraocular pressure (IOP)
  • Hyperviscosity syndromes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the key signs of CRVO?

A
  • Flame haemorrhages
  • Retinal oedema
  • Cotton wool spots
  • Dilated and tortuous obstructed vein
  • Narrow, sheathed artery
  • Indistinct optic nerve head (ONH)
  • Decreased visual acuity (VA)
  • Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) if ischaemic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the common symptoms of CRVO?

A
  • Sudden painless loss of vision
  • Blurred vision
  • Altitudinal visual loss in BRVO
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are signs of non-ischaemic CRVO?

A
  • Visual acuity ≥ 6/30
  • Mild tortuosity and dilation of veins
  • Dot/blot and flame-shaped haemorrhages
  • Optic disc, retinal, and macular oedema
  • ± RAPD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the signs of ischaemic CRVO?

A
  • Visual acuity < 6/36
  • Capillary closure and retinal hypoxia
  • Severe vein tortuosity
  • Extensive deep blot and flame-shaped haemorrhages
  • Severe macular and disc oedema
  • RAPD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What complications can arise in ischaemic CRVO?

A
  • Iris neovascularisation (rubeosis iridis)
  • New vessels on the retina (NVE) or disc (NVD)
  • Rubeotic glaucoma (90-day glaucoma)
  • Vitreous haemorrhage
  • Tractional retinal detachment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is BRVO?

A

Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO) involves a wedge-shaped retinal area following the affected vein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the signs of BRVO?

A
  • Flame haemorrhages
  • Dot and blot haemorrhages
  • Cotton wool spots
  • Hard exudates
  • Retinal oedema
  • Dilated tortuous veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is non-ischaemic BRVO different from ischaemic BRVO?

A

Signs of occlusion are more extensive in ischaemic BRVO, including neovascularisation (NVE, NVD).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are differential diagnoses for CRVO?

A
  • Ocular ischaemic syndrome
  • Asymmetrical diabetic retinopathy
  • Idiopathic retinal telangiectasia (type 1)
  • Hypertensive retinopathy
  • Choroidal neovascularisation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How should an optometrist manage CRVO?

A
  • Best corrected visual acuity assessment
  • Colour fundus photography
  • Gonioscopy (if ischaemic CRVO is suspected)
  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT)
  • IOP check
  • Urgent referral to an ophthalmologist and GP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What investigations may be conducted for CRVO?

A
  • OCT
  • Fluorescein angiography or OCT angiography
  • Gonioscopy (if ischaemic)
  • Ultrasound (if vitreous haemorrhage is present)
  • Blood tests (FBC, serum glucose, ESR)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the treatment for macular oedema in CRVO?

A

Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections, such as ranibizumab (Lucentis) or aflibercept (Eylea).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What alternative treatments are available for macular oedema in CRVO?

A

Intravitreal steroids, such as Ozurdex (dexamethasone implant).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What role does macular laser play in treating CRVO?

A

Macular laser is no longer recommended as first-line therapy, but pan-retinal photocoagulation is used for neovascularisation.

17
Q

What is the prognosis of non-ischaemic CRVO?

A

25–34% of cases convert to the ischaemic subtype within 3 years.

18
Q

What is the prognosis of ischaemic CRVO?

A

There is a high risk of neovascular complications, such as rubeosis iridis and rubeotic glaucoma, which can lead to blindness.

19
Q

What are signs of neovascularisation in CRVO?

A
  • Iris neovascularisation (rubeosis iridis)
  • New vessels on the retina (NVE) or optic disc (NVD)
20
Q

What is the risk of rubeotic glaucoma in ischaemic CRVO?

A

50% of eyes develop iris neovascularisation, with rubeotic glaucoma often occurring 2 weeks to 2 years after CRVO.

21
Q

What is the usual timeline for rubeotic glaucoma development in CRVO?

A

Typically occurs around 3 months after CRVO (90-day glaucoma), but can occur between 2 weeks and 2 years.

22
Q

What is the role of pan-retinal photocoagulation in CRVO?

A

It is indicated in cases of CRVO with neovascularisation to prevent further complications.

23
Q

How is visual acuity affected in ischaemic CRVO?

A

Visual acuity is usually worse than 6/36 due to capillary closure and retinal hypoxia.

24
Q

What is the importance of gonioscopy in managing CRVO?

A

It helps assess anterior segment neovascularisation and diagnose ischaemic CRVO.

25
Q

What are first-line treatments for vision-threatening complications in CRVO?

A

Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections and pan-retinal photocoagulation.

Sudden Vision Loss (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions