Papers and ideas Flashcards

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1
Q

main ideas of Jane Jacobs in the Death and Life of Great American Cities

A
  • city planning is a “pseudoscience”
  • 1950s urban planning policy was responsible for the decline of many US neighbourhoods
  • advocated mixed-use development over large-scale urban renewal
  • walkable streets
  • need to deeply know the city to implement effective policy, not just care about its impression
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2
Q

When was Death and Life of Great Cities published?

A

1961

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3
Q

Give the main ideas of Lewis Mumford’s “the city in history”

A
  • technology should achieve a balance with nature and culture
  • organic relationship between people and their living spaces
  • uses medieval city as basis for his “ideal city”
  • he feared that a local community culture was not being fostered by city institutions
  • feared urbanisation and alienation
  • suburbia presents a false, innocent vision of the world
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4
Q

when was the City in History published

A

1961

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5
Q

explain the term “right to the city”, as proposed by Henri Lefebvre and supported by David Harvey

A

the right of individual citizens to have agency to change the city and themselves, new access to urban life

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6
Q

explain Lefebvre’s theory in The Production of Space”

A

space is a social product/ complex social construction that affects spatial practices and perceptions
social production of space is fundamental to the reproduction of society and capitalism itself

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7
Q

Thrift and Amin’s ideas about Seeing like a city

A

renewal of urban politics through looking at its infrastructures
machinic infrastructures bring together human and non-human actors
call for cross-disciplinary knowledge- overly general or narrow perspectives are not adequate
“spatial dynamic” determines productivity of a city, not the agglomeration
need to attend to prosperity of entire city

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8
Q

give a brief description of Gandy’s paper on New York and water

A

Water and the City
history of a city can be seen through the history of its water
colonial relationships that supported the infrastructure
originally private and public wells segregated
then ambitious water projects in early to mid 1800s eg. Croton aqueduct
rising importance of hygiene
water infrastructure becoming tied up in ideals of modernity
achieved projects through capital motivations, technical expertise and public concern

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9
Q

describe Harold Wolpe’s ideas on interior colonialism in SA

A

The Theory of Interior Colonisation: The South African Case
white SA acts in place of the now-departed imperialists, appear as an advanced capitalist state
non-white SA oppressed like a colony, shows deep inequalities still remain
based on system of capitalist exploitation which appears as race divisions
keep tribal groups out of the capitalist system while using their labour within it

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10
Q

what were the ideas of Friedrich Ratzel

A

environmental determinism
based around 19th century colonialism
the state is an organism that needs to sustain itself by consuming other countries: organic theory
famous for “lebensraum”- living space needed for state
europeans had the right to colonise other countries because they are superior by their superior environment

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11
Q

what were the ideas of Émile Durkheim

A

one of founding members of discipline of sociology
saw society as an organism made up of coercive and powerful social facts
common consciousness can be strengthened through crime and punishment
suicide levels increase with increase in individualism, excessive hope, too much freedom, atheism and weakening of the state and family

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12
Q

ideas of Homi Bhabha

A
Nation and Narration
nations can be read like narratives
dynamic, identity is not settled
nations omit parts of history in order to survive
borders are in-between places
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13
Q

ideas of Halford Mackinder

A

geographic determinist- how society is shaped by geography
Heartland Theory
who controls the heartland can control the world-island, and therefore the world
who controls eastern europe can gain access to the heartland
aim for Hitler

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14
Q

Gramsci’s ideas about how the bourgeoise stay in power

A

hegemony, all-pervasive and dominant ideas that become taken for granted in society

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15
Q

Masseys ideas in a Global Sense of Place

A

draws on Harvey’s time-space compression
everything is speeding up and spreading out
need to move past a static idea of place
power-geometry= the unevenness of time-space compression (who can shape the meaning of a place)
dangers of idealising places and holding onto their past identities
no single identity, constantly dynamic

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16
Q

idea of Ellen Churchill Semple (brief)

A

one of first proponents of environmental determinism

man is unstable while the environment is stable

17
Q

ideas of Carl Sauer

A

The Morphology of Landscape, 1921
critique of environmental determinism
look for the impacts of man in the environment, not vice versa
concerned about impact of capitalism on cultural diversity: commodification and homogenization of culture
cultural particularism: societies can reach the same level of development through different paths (similar to the dependency theory of development)

18
Q

Yi-Fu Tuan’s ideas on space and place

A

space becomes place as it is given value

it reverts back to abstract space once that meaning comes into conflict

19
Q

ideas of Thomas Friedman

A

The World is Flat
globalisation is increasingly putting everyone on a level playing field
all competitors except labour have an equal opportunity
historical and geographical divisions becoming increasingly irrelevant
proponent of free trade
globalisation 3.0: new connections through workflow software, open source info
need to update work skills to remain competitive
strong supply chain relations decreases the chance of war or conflict between countries