Paper 3 - Malham Physical Fieldwork Flashcards
What was the enquiry question?
How does Gordale Beck change downstream?
What were the hypotheses?
- Velocity of the river will increase with distance downstream.
- The cross-sectional area of the river channel will increase.
- Sediment size will get smaller and rounder with distance downstream.
Why did we choose to go to malham?
Accessible in one day
Multiple parts of a river within walking distance
Public land so no permission needed to access
What risks do river currents create?
Risk of powerful water and risk of slipping over
How can the risks of river currents be mitigated?
Wear appropriate footwear
Do not go within 6 feet of the river
Stay in groups
What risks do uneven grounds create?
Danger of falling due to uneven footpaths
How can the risks of uneven ground be mitigated?
Appropriate footwear
No running just walking
What risks does weather create?
Wet weather - slippery rocks
Hot weather - dehydration
How can the risks from weather be mitigated?
Wet weather - students advised to bring appropriate clothing and footwear
Hot weather- students advised to bring water and suncream
What risks do unfamiliar areas create?
Getting lost in new environments
How can the risks of unfamiliar environments be mitigated?
Complete a pilot study
Stay in groups
Carry a phone and map
How can traffic create risks?
Get run over be vehicles
How can the risks from traffic be mitigated?
Use pedestrian crossings
Wait for a teacher
What primary data did we collect?
River depth/width/velocity/discharge
Sediment size/roundness
What are the advantages of random sampling?
Not biased
Can easily be done with a large area
What is Random Sampling?
Random Sampling involves randomly choosing sites to collect data.
Advantages: Not biased, can easily be done with a large area. Disadvantages: Sites can get clustered, may lead to inaccessible sites.
What are the disadvantages of Random Sampling?
The disadvantages of Random Sampling include potential clustering of sites, leading to unrepresentative data, and the possibility of selecting inaccessible sites.
What is Systematic Sampling?
Systematic Sampling involves picking sites every __ metres.
What are the advantages of Systematic Sampling?
The advantages of Systematic Sampling include providing a good representation of an area and being easier to conduct than random sampling.
What are the disadvantages of Systematic Sampling?
The disadvantages of Systematic Sampling include being time-consuming, potential bias in site selection, and the possibility of selecting inaccessible sites.
What is Stratified Sampling?
Stratified Sampling involves picking sites by topic.
What are the advantages of Stratified Sampling?
The advantages of Stratified Sampling include its flexibility for various enquiries and its ability to provide good comparisons of different areas, such as upper, middle, and lower courses.
What are the disadvantages of Stratified Sampling?
The disadvantages of Stratified Sampling include its unsuitability for questionnaires and the potential for bias from the person picking the sites.
What is a disadvantage of river data?
Data is easy to compare downstream.
What can affect the accuracy of data collection in rivers?
Current can make collection inaccurate.
What is the goal of improving data collection methods?
To make data collection accurate, reliable, and representative.
What does it mean for data to be accurate and reliable?
It means having enough data that we can trust the findings.
What does it mean for data to be representative?
It means the enquiry covers the whole area and not just a small part.
How can we reduce the risk of anomalies in data collection?
By collecting more data and generating an average.
How can bias be reduced in opinion-based data?
By consulting with other people.
When should data be collected to improve reliability?
At different times of day, year, and under various weather conditions.
Why is it important to collect data from multiple sites?
To cover a larger area and reduce the risk of anomalies.
