Paper 3: Cognitive Development

Question 1

What are Piaget’s 6 building blocks?

Answer 1

Schema
Operations
Assimilation
Accommodation 
Equilibrium
Disequilibrium

Question 2

What is a schema?

Answer 2

Cluster of related facts

Question 3

What are operations?

Answer 3

A combination of schemas

Question 4

What is assimilation?

Answer 4

Using existing schemas to deal with a situation

Question 5

What is Accommodation?

Answer 5

Adapting schemas do deal with a new situation

Question 6

What is equilibrium?

Answer 6

Balance between existing schemas and new experiences

Question 7

What is disequilibrium?

Answer 7

Imbalance of existing schemas and new experiences

Question 8

What is object permanence and in what stage does it develop?

Answer 8

Understanding that objects exist when out of sight

Sensorimotor stage

Question 9

What is conservation and when is it lacked and developed?

Answer 9

Understanding quantity does not change despite appearance changing
Lacked in pre operational
Developed in concrete operational

Question 10

What is animism and in what stage does it develop?

Answer 10

Belief animals have feelings

Pre-operational

Question 11

What is class inclusion and in what stage does it develop?

Answer 11

Knowing classes have subsets

Lacked in pre-operational

Question 12

What is egocentrism and in what stage does it develop?

Answer 12

Lack of understanding that people have different viewpoints

In pre-operational

Question 13

When did Piaget say object permanence developed?

Answer 13

9 months

Question 14

How does Vygotsky suggest that cognition develops?

Answer 14

Through interaction

Question 15

Vygotsky

What is social speech?

Answer 15

Using words to communicate

Question 16

Vygotsky

Context and culture

Answer 16

Can affect interactions

Question 17

What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?

Answer 17

Distance between child’s ability alone and when helped by another person

Question 18

What is scaffolding?

Answer 18

Help and guidance from a more knowledgeable other

Question 19

What is the core knowledge theory?

Answer 19

Children are born with a innate understanding of physical objects

Question 20

What are the two stages of violation of expectation?

Answer 20

Familiarisation and split and violate

Question 21

What are examples of violation of expectation experiments?

Answer 21

Carrot study

Drawbridge study

Question 22

What did Baillargeon suggest about object permanence?

Answer 22

Develops earlier then Piaget suggested but just lack the motor skills
3.5-4 months

Question 23

When does self recognition develop?

Answer 23

2 years

Question 24

What is theory of mind?

Answer 24

An individuals understanding that other people have separate mental states and see world from another’s point of view

Question 25

What does theory of mind allow us to do?

Answer 25

See other perspectives

Question 26

How is theory of mind tested?

Answer 26

False belief task

Question 27

Autism

Answer 27

Spectrum condition which typically involves avoidance of social contact, abnormal language and stereotypic behaviours

Question 28

What are the symptoms of autism divided into?

Answer 28

Social and emotional
Flexibility of thought
Language and communication

Question 29

What study supports TOM as a explanation for autism?

Answer 29

The sally Anne test