Paper 3: Cognitive Development Flashcards
What are Piaget’s 6 building blocks?
Schema Operations Assimilation Accommodation Equilibrium Disequilibrium
What is a schema?
Cluster of related facts
What are operations?
A combination of schemas
What is assimilation?
Using existing schemas to deal with a situation
What is Accommodation?
Adapting schemas do deal with a new situation
What is equilibrium?
Balance between existing schemas and new experiences
What is disequilibrium?
Imbalance of existing schemas and new experiences
What is object permanence and in what stage does it develop?
Understanding that objects exist when out of sight
Sensorimotor stage
What is conservation and when is it lacked and developed?
Understanding quantity does not change despite appearance changing
Lacked in pre operational
Developed in concrete operational
What is animism and in what stage does it develop?
Belief animals have feelings
Pre-operational
What is class inclusion and in what stage does it develop?
Knowing classes have subsets
Lacked in pre-operational
What is egocentrism and in what stage does it develop?
Lack of understanding that people have different viewpoints
In pre-operational
When did Piaget say object permanence developed?
9 months
How does Vygotsky suggest that cognition develops?
Through interaction
Vygotsky
What is social speech?
Using words to communicate
Vygotsky
Context and culture
Can affect interactions
What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?
Distance between child’s ability alone and when helped by another person
What is scaffolding?
Help and guidance from a more knowledgeable other
What is the core knowledge theory?
Children are born with a innate understanding of physical objects
What are the two stages of violation of expectation?
Familiarisation and split and violate
What are examples of violation of expectation experiments?
Carrot study
Drawbridge study
What did Baillargeon suggest about object permanence?
Develops earlier then Piaget suggested but just lack the motor skills
3.5-4 months
When does self recognition develop?
2 years
What is theory of mind?
An individuals understanding that other people have separate mental states and see world from another’s point of view
What does theory of mind allow us to do?
See other perspectives
How is theory of mind tested?
False belief task
Autism
Spectrum condition which typically involves avoidance of social contact, abnormal language and stereotypic behaviours
What are the symptoms of autism divided into?
Social and emotional
Flexibility of thought
Language and communication
What study supports TOM as a explanation for autism?
The sally Anne test
