paper 3

Question 1

Name the three antipsychotic drugs used for biological treatments for Schizophrenia

Answer 1

Chlorpromazine, Clozapine and Risperidone.

Question 2

One strength and one limitation of Chlorpromazine

Answer 2

S- Fewer Hallucinations

T- Sedative (hard to tell if patients actually getting better or just drowsy)

Question 3

one S and one L of Clozapine

Answer 3

S- Fewer hallucinations and improved mood/lowered anxiety (v powerful)
T- Can die (Agranulocytosis)

Question 4

One S and one L of Risperidone

Answer 4

S- Way fewer hallucinations + improved mood

L- Not as effective as Clozapine

Question 5

What do drug therapies do

Answer 5

Affect levels of neurotransmitters in the brain e.g. serotonin

Question 6

Describe antipsychotics

Answer 6

Syrups, pills and injections, can be typical or atypical

Question 7

which drug therapy(s) is/are atypical

Answer 7

Clozapine and Risperidone

Question 8

which drug therapy/s is/are typical

Answer 8

Chlorpromazine

Question 9

Study supporting typical treatments (chlorpromazine)

Answer 9

Thornley et. al- compared chlorpromazine to placebos and found it was effective

Question 10

study supporting atypical antipsychotics (clozapine)

Answer 10

Meltzer- found clozapine was more effective than typical psychotics as it worked in 40% of treatment cases where atypical treatments failed.

Question 11

evaluate the support for drug therapies

Answer 11

1. Sedatives make people drowsy creating the appearance of reduced symptoms etc when in actual fact there’s no evidence of it doing anything.
2. Research for the effectiveness is funded by drug companies so is potentially biased.

Question 12

name side effects of antipsychotics

Answer 12

1. itchy skin and sleepiness (mild)

2. agranulocytosis and NMS (severe)

Question 13

what do some people argue antipsychotics do ?

Answer 13

make life easier for staff taking care of Schizophrenic patients and an abuse of human rights (typical ones that act as sedatives e.g. chlorpromazine)

Question 14

What is the psychological explanation for SZ

Answer 14

Family dysfunction

Question 15

What are the 3 aspects of family dysfunction and what do they mean

Answer 15

1. Schizophregenic mother- a cold, controlling and rejecting mother and a passive father that causes a stressful atmosphere and psychotic thinking.
2. Double Binding- Saying contrasting things that causes paranoia and disorganised thinking.
3. Expressed emotion- Verbal interactions that can be hostile or accusing e.g. it’s such a burden for me to take care of you or you’re a waste of space

Question 16

Eval for family dysfunction

Answer 16

1. Butzlaff and Hooley- meta analysis of 27 studies (27 cluuuub) that showed people are more likely to regain SZ after recovery if they go into a family with high expressed emotion.

Question 17

another eval for family dysfunction

Answer 17

Tienari- found 5.8% of infants adopted into psychologically healthy families developed SZ whereas 36.8% of babies adopted into dysfunctional families developed SZ

Question 18

cognitive explanations

Answer 18

1. Meta representation (ability to reflect on own thoughts and behaviours. Allowing insight and understanding to our goals and understanding of others.
2. Central control, Cognitive ability to suppress responses e.g. seeing a door handle and wanting to open it. Can also happen verbally.

Question 19

Eval for cognitive explanations

Answer 19

1. Firth et al, brain scans showed black of blood flow to the frontal cortex causing lack of central control (motor cortex which controls voluntary movement)

Question 20

Eval 2 for cognitive explanations

Answer 20

Stirling- colour test (like in primary with Matt Wilde, it requires central control to not just shout out the colour of the words and so SZpatients couldn’t perform this as well as healthy patients on average.

Question 21

what are the 3 psychological therapies

Answer 21

CBT, family therapies and token economies

Question 22

what is the interactionist approach

Answer 22

the theory that vulnerability AND exposure lead to SZ not just one or the other (diathesis stress model)