Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOLOGY > PAPER 2- WRONG QUESTIONS > Flashcards

PAPER 2- WRONG QUESTIONS Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

stages required to clone a bull (4 marks):

A
  1. take a nucleus from a body cell of the bull
  2. insert this nucleus into an enucleated egg
  3. electric shock to bind
  4. mitosis/ cell division begins
  5. insert embryo into uterus of surrogate mother
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

tissue that transports water to the leaves (1 mark):

A

xylem
also transports mineral salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

effect of increasing transcription in cells (3 marks):

A
  1. increasing transcription means more mRNA is made
  2. means an increase in translation
  3. means more proteins for growth and repair
  4. means more muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

🦠 describe different types of pathogen and refer to a disease for each pathogen (humans) (6 marks):

A
  1. virus- non-living organisms
  2. AIDS
  3. bacteria- microscopic single celled
  4. pneumonia
  5. fungus- not able to carry out photosynthesis
  6. athletes foot
  7. protoctist- microscopic single celled
  8. malaria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

💉 explain how vaccination prevents humans from pathogens (3 marks):

A
  1. injected with dead pathogen
  2. lymphocytes produce memory cells
  3. secondary immune response
  4. faster/ more antibody production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

🧬 explain how the change in DNA of a microorganism can reduce its ability to digest a substance (5 marks):

A
  1. different sequence of bases in DNA
  2. changes mRNA
  3. transcription
  4. changes tRNA
  5. translation
  6. changes structure/ shape of DNA
  7. changes active site
  8. enzyme not functional
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

🧬 explain why a change in DNA may not affect the phenotype of an organism (4 marks):

A
  1. codons code for the same amino acids
  2. no change in protein
  3. active site not changed
  4. allele may be recessive
  5. so not expressed in phenotype
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why does having a developed root system make regrowth quicker (2 marks)?

A
  1. absorb water
  2. absorb mineral ions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

similarities and differences between fossil fuels and biofuels (3 marks):

A
  1. biofuel is renewable
  2. both are burnt
  3. both produce CO2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

role of insulin (2 marks):

A
  1. lowers blood glucose levels
  2. to glycogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe how bacteria are genetically modified to produce human insulin (3 marks):

A
  1. human gene/allele
  2. cut with restriction enzyme
  3. join with ligase
  4. vector/ plasmid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

suggest two reasons why many eggs are needed for cloning to be successful (2 marks):

A
  1. not all eggs survive
  2. not all embryos implant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

explain what scientists should do with a zygote so that is develops into a foetus (4 marks):

A
  1. mitosis
  2. place embryo in uterus
  3. surrogate mother
  4. correct kind of mother e.g. southern white rhino
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

explain how to set up a potometer (4 marks):

A
  1. cut plant underwater
  2. seal connection
  3. introduce air bubble
  4. measure movement
  5. tap to reset bubble
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

DNA base pairings:

A

C- G
A- U/T
T- A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

discuss what effect a change in the sequence of bases could have on the functioning of the enzyme produced (4 marks):

A
  1. deletion/ insertion
  2. change shape of active site
  3. no enzyme binds (doesn’t fit)
  4. enzyme/ protein does not function
17
Q

suggest one way that the risk of a mutation could increase (1 mark):

A
  1. tobacco
18
Q

use of the urethra in females (2 marks):

A
  1. only transports urine
  2. separate reproductive passage
19
Q

what is osmoregulation?

A

the process of maintaining water and salt concentrations across membranes within the body

20
Q

why is dialysis needed for life (2 marks):

A
  1. body produces urea
  2. needs to be excreted
21
Q

why must dialysis solution contain purified water, glucose and mineral ions (2 marks?

A
  1. so that substances don’t leave blood
  2. via difusion
22
Q

greenhouse gas:

A

methane

23
Q

benefits to micropropagation:

A
  • produces clones
  • fast acting
  • produces a large volume
24
Q

describe the stages of protein synthesis(4marks):

A
  1. transcription occurs in the nucleus
  2. produces mRNA
  3. translation occurs on ribosome
  4. tRNA brings amino acids
  5. codon binds to anticodon

BIOLOGY (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions