Paper 2 - Using Resources Flashcards
What is sustainable development?
Sustainable development is the development that meets the needs of the current generation without compromising the needs of the future generation
What is potable water?
Portable water is drinkable water
What sterilising agents are used for potable water?
Sterilising agents that are used for potable water include chlorine, ozone and ultraviolet light
What sewage treatments are there?
Sewage treatments include :
- Screening + grit removable
- Sedementation
- Anaerobic digestion
What is smelting + its uses + benefits?
Smelting is a displacement reaction for less reactive metals (less than carbon in the reactivity series), which are low in cost
What is the process of phytomining?
Phytomining:
1) . Plants grow in soil containing copper
2) . Cooper ions absorbed into plants
3) . Plants are burnt - metal compounds in ash
How can we increase the rate of phytomining?
We can increase the rate of phytomining by using fast growing plants
What is bioleaching?
Bioleaching is using living organisms (bacteria) to extract metal
Describe the process of bioleaching
Bioleaching process :
1) . Bacteria breaks down copper ores
2) . Porduces a leachate
3) . Acid solutions containing copper
4) . Electrolysis
note : bioleaching is very slow
What are the advantages of recycling?
The advantages of recycling are:
- Less crude oil to make plastics
- Less energy need
- Reduced landfill
- Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
What are the disadvantages of recycling?
The disadvantages of recycling are:
- Requires energy for collection and transport
- Sorting materials > depends on the purity of materials
- Metal may need to melt and cool - transport needed
What is the process that we undergo to treat groundwater?
To treat groundwater:
Mesh (remove large debris) > Sand and gravel filtration (to remove any smaller solid bits) > Sterilisation (to kill off any harmful bacteria or microbes using chlorine gas, ozone or UV light)
What are the two methods of desalination?
The two processes of desalination are distillation and reverse osmosis
What is desalination?
Desalination is carried out in areas without much freshwater to make seawater potable
What is distillation?
Distillation is boiling water to separate it from dissolved salts
What is reverse osmosis?
Reverse osmosis is passing the water through a membrane that only allows water molecules through
What is the process of treating wastewater?
The process of treating wastewater are as follows:
1) . screening
2. sedimentation
3. aerobic digestion of organic matter > released back in the environment
4. anaerobic digestion of organic matter > natural gas + fertiliser
What are the three key elements in fertilisers?
The three key elements in fertilisers are nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium
What is corrosion?
Corrosion is where metals react with substances in their environment and are gradually destroyed
What is rusting?
Rusting is corrosion of iron by water and air
What are the three ways to prevent rusting?
The three ways to prevent rusting are:
1) . Barrier methods (paint, grease etc)
2) . Sacrificial method (Attaching a more reactive metal to iron)
3) . Galvanisation (barrier+sacrificial)
What does sewage treatment provide us with?
Sewage treatment can provide us with fertiliser and renewable energy
What are the disadvantages of water being purified by distillation?
The disadvantages of water being purified by distillation is that is can be expensive due to high energy required
