Paper 2 - Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What is the general formula for alkanes?
The general formula for alkanes are C n H 2n+2
Why are alkanes saturated?
Alkanes are saturated because they have single bonds
Whhat are the first four alkanes in the alkane homologous series and their chemical formula?
The first 4 alkanes are: •Methane - CH4 •Ethane - C2H6 •Propane - C3H8 •Butane - C4H10
What does the alkane series increase in?
The alkane series increases in viscousity, boiling points and flammability
What is the equation for combustion?
The equation for combustion is hydrocarbons + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water
What happens to the hydrocarbons during combustion?
During combustion, hydrocarbons are oxidised
What does a non-renewable finite resource mean?
A non renewable finite resource means it is being used faster than it is being made, and that it will run out eventually
What are the characteristics of the fractions at the top of a fractionating column?
At the top of a fractionating column, hydrocarbon chains are short and have low boiling + melting points
What are the characteristics of the crude oil thats at the bottom of the fractionating column?
At the bottom of a fractionating column, hydrocarbon chains are long and have high melting + boiling points
What are the three reaction methods for alkenes and what do they do?
The three reactions for alkenes are:
- Addition reactions (adding atoms to each carbon atom when a double bond is opened up)
- Hydrogenation (adding hydrogen atoms in the presence of a catalyst)
- Steam (reacting alkenes with steam to form alcohols)
How can you test for alkenes or alkanes?
You can test for alkenes or alkanes by adding bromine water to a compound. If the colour stays the same, then the compound is an alkane. If the bromine water goes colourless, then the compound is an alkene
Why are alkenes more reactive than alkanes?
Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes because they have a double bond which can open up to a single bond in order to bond with other atoms
What are the differences between alkenes and alkanes?
The differences between alkanes and alkenes are that alkenes are unsaturated and they have double bonds, whereas alkanes are saturated and they have single bonds
What are the first four alkenes in the homologous series of alkenes?
The first four alkenes are: Ethene - C2H4 Propene - C3H6 Butene - C4H8 Pentene - C5H10
What is the general formula for alkenes?
The general formula for alkenes are C2H2N because they is always twice the amount of hydrogen atoms of carbon atoms
