Paper 2- Unit 7b Organic reactions (Triple Only) Flashcards
General formula for an alkene
Cn H2n
Test for an alkene
Add bromine water
goes orange to colourless
Alkenes are…
unsaturated hydrocarbons
containing C=C bonds
Alkene + oxygen –>
Alkene + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water
Alkenes burn with a smoky flame due to…
incomplete combustion
What is incomplete combustion?
when there is little oxygen
to burn with a fuel
Alkenes react with hydrogen to produce
Alkanes
Alkenes react with halogens to produce
Halogenoalkanes
What is the name of reaction when a substance is added to the alkene double bond?
Addition
What is an addition reaction?
When a substances is added
to the C=C of an alkane
Alkene + water (steam) –>
Alkene + water (steam) –> Alcohol
Name this reaction
ethene + water (steam) –> ethanol
Hydration of ethene
to produce ethanol
How do alkenes reaction?
C=C bond is broken
addition reactions
What is the functional group of an alcohol?
-OH
Which type of compounds has the group -OH
alcohol
Which type of compound has the group C=C
alkene
What is the functional group of an alkene?
C=C
2 ways to produce ethanol
Fermentation of glucose
hydration of ethene
Name the reaction
Glucose –> ethanol
Fermentation
Conditions of fermentation
Glucose
mixed with yeast
at 37 oC
anerobically
Conditions of hydration of ethene
Steam (water vapour)
high temperature
with a catalyst (phosphoric acid)
Name the first 4 alcohols
methanol
ethanol
propanol
butanol
Alcohol + oxygen –>
Alcohol + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water
Alcohol oxidised to produce
carboxylic acids
Functional group of a carboxylic acid
-COOH
Which compounds has the functional group -COOH?
Carboxylic acids
Name the first 4 carboxylic acids
methanoic acid
ethanoic acid
propanoic acid
butanoic acid
Carboxylic acid + carbonate –>
Carboxylic acid + carbonate –>
salt + water + carbon dioxide
Carboxylic acid + alcohol–>
Carboxylic acid + alcohol–> ester + water
Ethanol + ethanoic acid –>
Ethyl Ethanoate
Carboxylic acids are weak acids because…
They only partially ionise in water
not all H+ ions are dissociated
Ethene polymerises to make
poly(ethene)
Propene polymerisaes to make
poly(propene)
Define addition polymerisation
many monomers (small molecules)
join (react)
to form a polymer (large molecule)
monomer
small molecule
polymer
very large molecule
Why do polymers have higher melting points than monomers?
polymers
have stronger intermolecular forces
between the molecules
as they are bigger/more atoms
Common natural polymers of
glucose
amino acid
nucleotide
glucose (in plants)
Common natural polymers of
glucose- starch
amino acid- protein
nucleotide- DNA
glucose (in plants)- cellulose
Condensation polymerisation
monomers with two functional groups
react to produce a polymer
losing a small molecule
Amino acids react to prdouce
proteins (polypeptides)
DNA stands for
Deoxyribosenucleic acid
monomer of DNA
nucleotides
Describe the structure of DNA
Two polymer strands
in a double helix
held together by hydrogen bonds
What is DNA?
Naturally occurring polymer
that encodes genetic instruction
in living organisms and viruses
