Paper 1- Unit 1 Atoms, Ions and the Periodic Table Flashcards
What is the mass of a neutron?
1
What is the mass of an electron?
Very small
1/1800
What is the mass of a proton?
1
Where do you find the electrons?
In energy shells/levels
Orbiting
Around the nucleus
Where do you find neutrons?
In the nucleus of an atom
Where do you find protons?
In the nucleus of an atom
Charge of proton
positive 1
charge of neutron
neutral (no charge)
charge of electron
negative 1
How do you find out the number of protons in an element?
atomic number
How do you find out the number of neutrons in an element?
mass number - atomic number
How do you find out the number of electrons in an element?
atomic number
What is the definition of an element?
A substance made up of one type of atom
What is the definition of a compound?
A substance made up of two or more different types of atoms
That are chemically bonded together
Describe the plum pudding model of an atom
Large positive sphere
with small negative electrons inside
What is an ion?
Charged particle
formed by gaining of losing electrons
If an atom loses electrons…
it becomes a positive ions
as it has more protons than electrons
If an atom gains electrons…
it becomes negative
as it has more electrons than protons
atoms are neutral because…
same amount of positive protons
negative electrons
The transition metals can be found…
in the middle of the periodic table
Group 0 atoms are unreactive because…
they have a full outer shell
don’t need to gain or lose electrons
alkali metal + water –>
alkali metal + water –> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Alkali metals react by…
losing its outer electron
become 1+
Alkali metal become ….down the group
gets more reactive
Alkali metals get more reactive down a group becuase…
outer electron
further away from the nucleus (bigger atom)
more easily lost
Group 7 elements are known as
halogens
Halogens react by
gaining an electron
become 1-
Halogens become ……reactive down the group
get less reactive
Halogens get less reactive down the group because…
outer shell
further away from the nucleus (bigger atom)
less likely to gain electron
The columns in the periodic table are known as…
groups
the rows of the periodic table are known as…
periods
the periodic table is in order of…
atomic number (proton number)
