Paper 2 Section C - The Challenge of Resource Management

Question 1

Agribusiness

Answer 1

Farms that choose more intensive farming methods or buy modern machinery, to
increase crop yield.

Question 2

Aquifer

Answer 2

A permeable or porous rock which stores water.

Question 3

Biofuel

Answer 3

Burning crops and vegetation for electricity and heat.

Question 4

Biotechnology

Answer 4

Genetically modifying (GM) crops to grow faster or become less vulnerable to
pests & disease. GM crops are controversial, as the side effects to humans and the environment
aren’t fully understood.

Question 5

Climate Change

Answer 5

The changing characteristics of the climate and seasons in regions across the
world.

Question 6

Decommission

Answer 6

The process of closing and safely disposing waste from a power station. This can
cost millions of pounds and take over a year to complete.

Question 7

Desalination

Answer 7

The process of converting saltwater into fresh, clean drinking water.

Question 8

Drought

Answer 8

The short-term lack of water to meet demand. Droughts can cause dehydration and
fatalities.

Question 9

Energy Deficit

Answer 9

A country that generates less energy than its population needs (the supply is less
than the demand).

Question 10

Energy Mix

Answer 10

The composition of a country’s energy sources.

Question 11

Energy Security

Answer 11

The ownership and full control of a country’s energy source, production and
transportation.

Question 12

Energy Surplus

Answer 12

A country that generates more energy than its population needs (the supply is
greater than the demand).

Question 14

Fairtrade

Answer 14

A charity that ensures farmers are paid a fair wage and safe regulations.

Question 15

Famine

Answer 15

A long or short-term shortage of food, resulting in many people becoming malnourished or
even starving.

Question 16

Fertilisers

Answer 16

Compounds that increase plant growth and contain nutrients that are important to plant
growth. Fertilisers include compost, manure and peat.

Question 17

Food Miles

Answer 17

The journey that food takes from farmer to consumer. The higher the food miles, the
further the food has travelled and the greater the emissions produced from the transport vehicles.

Question 18

Food Poverty

Answer 18

A country that grows, produces and imports less food than it needs to feed its
population.

Question 19

Fossil Fuels

Answer 19

Non-renewable sources of fuel that take thousands of years to form underground,
from dead vegetation and animals.

Question 20

Fracking

Answer 20

The process of releasing trapped natural gas from shale rocks. Fracking involves
pushing high-pressure liquids underground to cause the shale rocks to crack.

Question 21

Geothermal Energy

Answer 21

Water is pumped deep underground to be heated by magma plumes or
radioactive rocks. The hot water creates steam, which turns turbines in generators to produce
electricity.

Question 22

Greenhouse Emissions

Answer 22

Gases (such as carbon dioxide and methane) that thicken the Earth’s
atmosphere which is causing the planet to warm up and climates to change.

Question 23

Hydroelectric Energy

Answer 23

Water is trapped in a dam and forced past turbines in the dam to escape
downstream, which turns the turbines to generate electricity. Water can be pumped back uphill to
repeat the process.

Question 24

Hydroponics

Answer 24

Growing crops in water rather than soil, which can increase crop yield and make
farming more efficient.

Question 25

Importing

Answer 25

Buying resources from another country, for example food or goods.

Question 26

Irrigation

Answer 26

Keeping crops well watered regularly using hose pipes, water channels and digging wells.

Question 27

Malnourishment

Answer 27

When a person doesn’t eat either enough food or enough of the right food to get the nutrition they need to be healthy.

Question 28

Malnutrition

Answer 28

Illnesses & deficiencies caused by eating less food than is needed for a healthy life.

Question 29

Non-Renewable

Answer 29

A source of energy that can only be used once to generate electricity or takes thousands of years to replace e.g. Fossil Fuels.

Question 30

Nuclear Fusion

Answer 30

The process of joining atomic nuclei together to produce energy.

Question 31

Obesity

Answer 31

When people are very overweight. This is often due to an individual consuming too many calories.

Question 32

Organic

Answer 32

Food that hasn’t been grown or manufactured using chemicals or pesticides.

Question 33

Permaculture

Answer 33

Trying to adapt farming approaches to the natural environment and wildlife surrounding.

Question 34

Pesticides

Answer 34

Chemicals that kill pests (e.g. slugs, greenfly) to stop crops becoming damaged and killed off.

Question 35

Renewable

Answer 35

Primary energy that can be re-used to produce electricity or has a short lifetime, therefore any used can be replaced quickly e.g. Hydroelectric, biomass, solar.

Question 36

Secondary Energy

Answer 36

The product of primary energy, mostly electricity.

Question 37

Soil Erosion

Answer 37

The soil is stripped of nutrients and becomes more dust-like, which won’t grow plants or crops in the future.

Question 38

Solar Energy

Answer 38

Using solar panels to convert sunlight into electricity.

Question 39

Sustainability

Answer 39

Trying to conserve resources for the future, whilst meeting the demand for goods in the present.

Question 40

Tidal Energy

Answer 40

As the tides change, water rushes out to sea or in towards the land. Turbines on the seabed can be built, so they are powered as the water rushes past them and the tides change.

Question 41

Water Conservation

Answer 41

Reducing the use of fresh, clean water for non-essential uses (toilet flush, dishwater, watering the plants).

Question 42

Water Deficit

Answer 42

The supply of water is less than the demand for water.

Question 43

Water Security

Answer 43

Having a clean, reliable source of water that meets demand throughout the year.

Question 44

Water Stress

Answer 44

There could be a large enough volume of water to meet demand, but not enough clean, good quality water is available or the water is inaccessible.

Question 45

Water Surplus

Answer 45

The supply of water exceeds the demand for water.

Question 46

Water Transfer Scheme

Answer 46

Water is taken through pipes from a region of water surplus to a region of water deficit. If this is across countries, water may be traded for money.

Question 47

Wave Energy

Answer 47

Electricity is generated by small turbines within floating buoys, which float on the surface so passing waves flow through the turbines.

Question 48

Wind Energy

Answer 48

Using wind turbines to drive generators to produce electricity.