Paper 2 Section A - Urban Issues and Challenges Flashcards
Brownfield Land
Land that has been previously built on. The buildings may still be standing or
demolished.
Dereliction
Where buildings are left unused or unoccupied.
Ethnic Minorities
Groups of people that make up a small proportion of the total population.
Greenfield Land
Land that hasn’t been built on before, often used for farming or left naturally.
Hate Crime
Crimes and vandalism that are motivated by a person’s ethnicity or religion.
Informal Work
Self-employed or temporary work, which provides a small wage and limited health
regulations.
Integrated Transport
A system that links different types of transportation to give commuters
access to the whole city.
International Migration
The movement of people between countries, for work or long term
residence.
Lower Income Country (LIC)
A country of low wealth and a limited level of development.
Megacity
A city with a population greater than 10 million people.
Middle Income Country (MIC)
A country of sufficient wealth and a good level of development.
Multicultural City
A city that shares and encourages many different cultures and religions,
besides the national culture.
Net Migration
The total number of people entering minus the number of people leaving a country.
Population Density
The amount of people per square area of land. It’s a measure of how
squashed together or spread out a population is.
Pull Factors
Reasons why a person may feel attracted towards living in the city.
Push Factors
Reasons why a person may feel they need to move away from a rural area.
Quality of Life
The environment and community a person is part of, as well as their health and
access to essentials.
Regeneration
A city tries to change its appearance or reputation through new building
constructions.
Remittance
A family member living in a different country can send money back to their country of
origin to support their family substantially.
Respiratory Conditions
Illnesses that affect your breathing, for example asthma or lung disease.
Rural-Urban Migration
Individuals move their homes from a rural area to the urban city, for work
opportunities or a better quality of life.
Scholarships
Paid places in schools or businesses for people from low income families.
Segregation
The exclusion and isolation of a particular group of people.
Skilled Migrants
Migrants who have trained for a particular profession, for example doctors or
teachers.
Social Inequality
The difference in quality of life between the highest income family and lowest
income household.
Sustainability
A city which has minimal environmental damage and social inequality, whilst
conserving resources for the future
Squatter Settlements
Clusters of temporary housing which migrants or low income families live
in, often built on unfavourable land.
Unskilled Migrants
Migrants who haven’t been trained or educated for a high-skill profession, for
example farmers or shop workers.
Urban Greening
Growing more vegetation and trees in the centre of a city. For example, growing
plants of office rooftops or mini allotments on pavements.
Urban Sprawl
The process of a city growing and spreading out, taking over surrounding greenfield
land.
