Paper 2 Political ideologies Flashcards
1
Q
Conservative view on society
A
- Society is changing and we are little platoons of society/organic society. - Edmund Burke (traditional conservatism)
- we are individuals with no connection to society(atomistic society) - Rand (neo liberal)
3.We need to sacrifice personal sovereignty to ensure protection of rights e.g Hobbes and his leviathan
2
Q
Conservative view on imperfection/human nature
A
- Humans are morally imperfect e.g Hobbes Leviathan
2.Humans are intellectually imperfect e.g Burke who was against rational ideas like the french revolution - Humans are Physiologically imperfect e.g Oakeshott and humans having routines
3
Q
Conservative view of the state
A
- The state comes first before society - Hobbes’ leviathan
- The state emerges and grows like an organism with paternalism nobles oblige - Burke
- The role of the state is minimal and limited to protecting the individual - Rand
4
Q
Conservative view on the economy
A
- Economics activity is only possible after creation of the state - Hobbes
- The free market is the natural state of the economy and the state should protect the free market - Burke
- Free market capitalism with no government intervention and deregulated economy - Rand
5
Q
Socialist view on the state
A
- Third way (large state) Antony Giddens
- revolutionary socialism (communism) State controlled all businesses - Karl Marx
- Social democracy. High taxation and welfare spending but minimal state (Anthony Crossland)
6
Q
Socialist view on equality
A
- Absolute equality - Marx and Engles
- Equality of opportunity - Anthony Giddens
3.Equality of outcome - Crossland
7
Q
Socialist view on human nature
A
- Humans are naturally selfless however capitalism fills them with greed - Marx and Engles
- Human nature is fair but inequalities of outcome hinder collective human progress - Crossland
- Human nature is shaped by level of education one receives. - Giddens
8
Q
Socialist view on society
A
- Capitalism corrupts society and the elite oppress the working class - Marx
2.State management and increased welfare will create social justice - Crossland - Society will embrace equality of opportunity - Giddens
9
Q
Socialist view on the economy
A
- Capitalism is corrupt and should be replaced by Communism - Marx and Engles
- Keynesian capitalism and mixed economy - Crossland
- Free market economy where the tax revenue can be used to finance greater equality of opportunity. - Giddens
10
Q
Liberal view on Human nature
A
- Humans are guided by self interest but are concerned for others - John Locke - classical liberal
- Humans can be selfish and value individual freedom however they sympathetic to those less fortunate than them. - John Rawls - Modern Liberal
3.Human nature is rational but not fixed and is capable of progressing to higher levels - J.S Mill (from classical to modern liberal) - Human nature is patriarchal and discriminatory towards women. (Betty Friedman- (from classical to modern liberal)
11
Q
Liberal view on the state
A
- The state should only govern by consent/ minimal - John Locke ( classical liberal)
- The state should be a representative democracy and be mindful of minority rights - J.S Mill (from classical to modern liberal)
- An enabling state will assist developmental individualism via public spending - John Rawls (modern liberal)
- The state should protect women’s rights- Friedman- (from classical to modern liberal)
12
Q
Liberal view on society
A
- Natural laws and natural rights of society come before the state- John Locke (classical liberal)
- Veil of ignorance means that individuals would prefer a more fair society -John Rawls (modern liberal)
- Society is patriarchal and needs reforming- Friedman- (from classical to modern liberal)
13
Q
Liberal view on the economy
A
- Private property is a natural right and the states role is to allow for the trade of resources- John Locke (classical liberal)
- Free Market capitalism to promote individual initiative and progress - J.S Mill (from classical to modern liberal)
- The state’s obligation to the disadvantaged-John Rawls (modern liberal)
- Women would thrive in the workforce and enhance the free market economy -Friedman- (from classical to modern liberal)
14
Q
Conservative view on paternalism
A
- nobelese oblige - rich have a duty to protect the poor e.g burke on french revolution
- One nation conservatism e.g Disraeli “the palace is not safe if the cottage is not happy”
- Neo conservatives - less generous paternalism e.g CARES act 2020 (Trump)
15
Q
Conservitive view on private property
A
- Improve care for society e.g Burke organic society
2.encourage the traditional family e.g Thatcher right to buy council homes
3.
