Paper 2 - Mr Rasib Flashcards
Sodium Bicarbonate
- Reduces acidity
- Neutralises lactic acid
- HCO3-
- Binds with hydrogen
- Produces carbonic acid - H2O and CO2
Positives of taking Sodium Bicarbonate
- Buffering (soaking up lactic acid)
- Delays OBLA
- Higher intensity exercise before OBLA
Negatives of taking Sodium Bicarbonate
- Unpleasant
- Tummy Ache
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
Caffeine
A legal stimulant, can be taken in the form of pills or drinks
Benefits of using Caffeine
- CNS Activity
- Alertness
- Reaction time
- Aerobic capacity
- Fat metabolism
- Preserves glycogen
Drawbacks of taking caffeine
- Natural diuretic
- Insomnia
- Stomach ache
Glycogen Loading
A 7 day process
Day 1: Deplete glycogen stores
Day 2-3: Increase fat and protein intake
Day 4: Deplete glycogen again
Day 5-7: Carb rich diet
Benefits of Glycogen loading
- +50% glycogen store
- Longer to reach exhaustion
- Increase endurance
Negatives of Glycogen loading
- Hyperglycaemia
- Increased lethargy
- Increased water-retention
- Increased irritation
- Gastro-intestinal problems
Acute Injuries
- Occurs suddenly
- Pain is felt right away
- Often severe
- During exercise or competition
- sprained ankle or torn ligament
Chronic Injuries
- Over-use injuries
- Occurs over a long time
- Develops slowly
- Lasts a while
- Ignoring makes it worse
- Stress fracture/tennis elbow
Fractures
Involve the bone being broken. Can be completely or partially
Comminuted Fracture
A break or splinter of the bone into more than 2 fragments
Oblique Fracture
Fracture that has an angled pattern
Open/Compound Fracture
Skin broken or pierced by bone
Transverse Fracture
Fracture has a horizontal line
Spiral Fracture
Fracture has a winding break
Longitudinal Fracture
A break that occurs along the length of the bone
Buckle Fracture
Occurs in children where the bone deforms but does not break
Hairline Fracture
Partial fracture of the bone that is difficult to detect
Greenstick Fracture
Happens in children where the bone partially fracture on one side but doesn’t break completely
Symptoms of Acute injuries
- Sudden severe pain
- Swelling around injury
- Struggles with weight bearing
- Restricted movement
- Extreme weakness
Dislocations
When the normal position of the joint is altered, caused by a fall or a blow
Symptoms of Dsilcoations
- Swelling
- Severe pain
- Visibly out of place
- Once happened again its more likely to happen again
Sprains
One or more of the ligaments are stretched, twisted or torn
Strains
Muscles fibres stretch or tear
Chronic injuries
Playing or exercising over a long time
Achilles Tendonitis
- Overuse of the achilleas tendon
- Largest tendon in the body
- Pain and inflammation
Tennis Elbow
Inflammation of the elbow tendon, caused by overuse of the forearm for sports like gold and tennis
Stress Fracture
- Over use injury
- Affected area is tender and swollen
- Common in weight bearing bones
- Muscles become fatigued and cant absorb shock
- Transfers stress onto bone
- Tiny cracks
