Paper 1 - Physiology

Question 1

Ventilation

Answer 1

Getting air into and out of the lungs

Question 2

External Respiration

Answer 2

Gaseous exchange between the lungs and the blood

Question 3

Internal respiration

Answer 3

Exchange of gases between the blood capillaries and the body cells

Question 4

Cellular respiration

Answer 4

The metabolic reactions that take place in cells to create energy

Question 5

Pleural cavity

Answer 5

Stops the lungs and diaphragm sticking together

Question 6

Alveoli

Answer 6

Air sacs responsible for swapping gasses between the lungs and blood

Question 7

Alveoli’s structure

Answer 7

B - Big surface area
O - One cell thick
G - Good blood supply

Question 8

Diffusion

Answer 8

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration/partial pressure of the molecules to an area with a lower concentration/partial pressure

Question 9

Passage of air

Answer 9

Nearly - Nose
Lobbed - Larynx
The - Trachea
Ball - Bronchi
Brilliantly - Bronchioles
Again - Alveoli

Question 10

Mechanics of breathing

Answer 10

Increase of volume - Thoracic cavity (chest) reduces pressure
Decrease of volume - Thoracic cavity (chest) increase pressure

Question 11

Inspiration

Answer 11

To get air into the body
- Increasing volume
- Decreasing pressure

Question 12

Expiration

Answer 12

To get air out
- Decreasing volume
- Increasing pressure

Question 13

Inhalation at rest

Answer 13

• Diaphragm contracts and flattens
• Intercostals contract
• Ribs move up and out
• Volume of thoracic cavity increases
• Pressure decreases
• Air moves in

Question 14

Inhalation during exercise

Answer 14

• Diaphragm contracts and flattens - External intercostals, sternocleidomastoid contracts
• Ribs move up and out
• Volume of thoracic cavity increases
• Pressure decreases
• Air moves in

Question 15

Exhalation at rest

Answer 15

• Diaphragm relaxes
• Intercostals relaxes
• Ribs move down and in
• Volume of thoracic cavity decreases
• Pressure increases
• Air moves out

Question 16

Exhalation during exercise

Answer 16

• Diaphragm relaxes
• Internal intercostals, abdominals and obliques contract
• Ribs move down and in
• Volume of Thoracic cavity decreases
• Pressure increases
• Air moves out

Question 17

Lung Volumes

Answer 17

Movement of air into and out of the lungs, at rest we inspire and expire approximately 0.5 litres of air

Question 18

Minute Ventilation Equation

Answer 18

Number of breaths (per min) x tidal volume = minute ventilation

Question 19

Tidal Volume

Answer 19

Volume of air inspired or expired per breath

Question 20

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Answer 20

Volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal breath

Question 21

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Answer 21

Volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal breath

Question 22

Residual Volume

Answer 22

Volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum expiration, keeping the lungs inflated

Question 23

Minute Ventilation

Answer 23

Volume of air breathed in or out per minute

Question 24

Changes of Lung Volumes During Exercise

Answer 24

Tidal Volume - Increases
Inspiratory Reserve Volume - Decreases
Expiratory Reserve Volume - Slightly Decreases
Residual Volume - Remains the same
Minute Ventilation - Large increase

Question 25

Anticipa