Paper 2 from book Flashcards
Give 2 ways rate of reactions are affected:
Surface area - surface area to volume ratio
Concentration - More particles = more successful collisions
Temperature - An increase in energy makes particles move quicker.
Catalyst - speeds up a reaction without chemically changing the reaction
Gradient equation
Change in x/ Change in y
Fill: Chemical reactions can only occur when r_______ particles c______ with enough e_____ for the c________ to be s_________.
Fill: Chemical reactions can only occur when reacting particles collide with enough energy for the collision to be successful.
Why does temperature affect the rate of reaction?
Particles heated —> more energy —> faster —> greater frequency of collisions —> faster rate of reaction
Why does increasing concentration increase the rate of reaction?
Higher concentration —> particles closer together —> more collisions —> rate of reaction increases
Why does a larger surface area increase the rate of reaction?
More particles exposed to the other reactant —> greater chance of particles colliding —> more successful collisions per second —> rate of reaction increases
Define a catalyst.
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A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction.
What might a catalyst be used for? (Give something you may use in life)
Hand warmers
Why are catalysts used in industry?
Cheaper because they can be re-used.
How can we measure the rate of reaction? Also, give formula.
Measuring the amount of product formed over a certain period of time.
Reaction rate = change in mass OR reactant OR product/ time
Rate of reaction other formula/
1/ time (seconds)
Units are s to the power of -1
Define a reversible reaction.
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A reaction in which the products can re-form the reactants.
Define an endothermic reaction.
Arttiefts
A reaction that takes in energy from the surroundings.
Define an exothermic reaction.
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A reaction that transfers energy to the surroundings.
Define Anhydrous.
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Describes a substance that does not contain water.
The pH scale goes from 1 to 14. What is 1 to 6, 7, and 8 to 14?
1 to 6 = Acids
7 = Neutral
8 to 14 = Alkaline/ base
Give their number on pH scale (you can be 1 off either side).
Water =
Lemon =
Bleach =
Water = 7
Lemon = 2
Bleach = 13
Define a closed system.
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A system in which no matter enters or leaves.