C3 - Structure And Bonding Flashcards
What is a covalent bond?
Shared pair of electrons
What is an ionic bond?
Strong electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
What is a metallic bond?
Strong electrostatic attraction between positive ions and negative delocalised electrons
Name four giant covalent molecules:
Diamond
Graphite
Graphene
Silicon Dioxide
Name 4 simple covalent molecules:
Chlorine
Hydrogen chloride/ Hydrochloric acid
Water
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Describe the particles in a solid:
Packed closely together and vibrate around fixed positions
Describe the particles in a liquid:
Close together but can slip and slide over each other in random motion
Describe the particles in a gas:
They have, on average, lots of space between them and zoom around randomly
Endothermic or Exothermic?
• Melting
• Boiling
• Freezing
• Condensing
• Melting Endothermic
• Boiling Endothermic
• Freezing Exothermic
• Condensing Exothermic
What is a limitation of the simple particle model?
The atoms, molecules, and ions that make up all substances are not solid spheres with no forces between them.
Give a property of a solid:
Fixed shape
Fixed volume
Cannot be compressed
Give a property of a liquid:
Fixed volume
Can flow
Can change shape
Occupy just slightly more space than when solid (water and ice are exceptions)
Give a property of a gas:
No fixed shape
No fixed volume
Easily compressed
Solid —> Liquid
Liquid —> Solid
Melting
Freezing
Liquid —> Gas
Gas —> Liquid
Evaporation
Condensation
Solid —> Gas
Gas —> Solid
Sublimation
Deposition
Why do substances have different melting points?
Substances with higher melting and boiling points have stronger forces operating between their particles
When atoms bond together by sharing electrons, what type of bond is formed?
Covalent bond
When ions bond together as a result of gaining or losing electrons, what type of bond is this?
Ionic bond
