C3 - Structure And Bonding Flashcards
What is a covalent bond?
Shared pair of electrons
What is an ionic bond?
Strong electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
What is a metallic bond?
Strong electrostatic attraction between positive ions and negative delocalised electrons
Name four giant covalent molecules:
Diamond
Graphite
Graphene
Silicon Dioxide
Name 4 simple covalent molecules:
Chlorine
Hydrogen chloride/ Hydrochloric acid
Water
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Describe the particles in a solid:
Packed closely together and vibrate around fixed positions
Describe the particles in a liquid:
Close together but can slip and slide over each other in random motion
Describe the particles in a gas:
They have, on average, lots of space between them and zoom around randomly
Endothermic or Exothermic?
• Melting
• Boiling
• Freezing
• Condensing
• Melting Endothermic
• Boiling Endothermic
• Freezing Exothermic
• Condensing Exothermic
What is a limitation of the simple particle model?
The atoms, molecules, and ions that make up all substances are not solid spheres with no forces between them.
Give a property of a solid:
Fixed shape
Fixed volume
Cannot be compressed
Give a property of a liquid:
Fixed volume
Can flow
Can change shape
Occupy just slightly more space than when solid (water and ice are exceptions)
Give a property of a gas:
No fixed shape
No fixed volume
Easily compressed
Solid —> Liquid
Liquid —> Solid
Melting
Freezing
Liquid —> Gas
Gas —> Liquid
Evaporation
Condensation
