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(GCSE) Geography > Paper 2: Fieldwork (Topic 6) > Flashcards

Paper 2: Fieldwork (Topic 6) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 6 Stages of Fieldwork

A

Stage 1: Question/Hypothesis

Stage 2: Data Collection

Stage 3: Data Presentation

Stage 4: Data Analysis

Stage 5: Conclusion

Stage 6: Evaluation

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2
Q

Examples of:

  • Question/Hypothesis
  • Data Collection
  • Data Presentation
  • Data Analysis
  • Conclusion
  • Evaluation
A

Question/Hypothesis:
- Does tourism have an economic impact in Blackpool?

Data Collection:
- Questionnaire

Data Presentation:
- Bar Chart/Pie Chart

Data Analysis:
- 9/10 people said they spent over £10 on their visit

Conclusion:
- Tourism does have an economic impact in Blackpool

Evaluation:
- I need to increase my sample size (ask more people)

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3
Q

What is a Hypothesis

A

An idea to be tested, which can either be proved or rejected

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4
Q

What can your Hypothesis be on

A

Your hypothesis can be on human or physical factors

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5
Q

Example of a Hypothesis on a Human Factor

A

Does tourism have environmental impacts?

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6
Q

Example of a Hypothesis on a Physical Factor

A

Does hard engineering restricts longshore drift?

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7
Q

Hypothesis for a Suburban Area

A

Environmental quality can influence quality of life

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8
Q

Hypothesis for a City Centre

A

Regeneration has a positive economic and environmental impact

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9
Q

Hypothesis for a Coastal/Beach Area

A

Hard engineering can have positive economic impacts

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10
Q

What are the 2 type of Data that can be collected in Data Collection

A
  • Primary Data

- Secondary Data

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11
Q

What is Primary Data

A

Fieldwork data you collected yourself

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12
Q

Examples of Primary Data

A
  • Counts, e.g people or cars
  • Surveying an area in person
  • Sending out questionnaires
  • Interviews
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13
Q

What is Secondary Data

A

Fieldwork data collect by someone else

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14
Q

Examples of Secondary Data

A
  • Market Research
  • Instrument Readings
  • CCTV
  • Published Articles
  • Textbook
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15
Q

What is Numerical Data

A

Quantitive data is numbered data

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16
Q

Examples of how Quantitive Data can be recorded

A
  • Tally/Count
  • Measurements (e.g River Depth)
  • Census Data
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17
Q

What is Qualitative Data

A

Qualtative Data is non-numerical, opinion based data

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18
Q

Examples of how Qualitative Data can be recorded

A
  • Interviews
  • Photographs
  • Section of a Book/Journal
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19
Q

What is the purpose of Risk Assessments

A

Risk Assessments allow you to be prepared for many scenarios and helps protect you from possible dangers

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20
Q

Risk Assessments for doing a Case Study on a River, for example

A

Slipping on the bank of a river - Wear sensible footwear and be aware of your footsteps

Don’t fall into a river - Be careful when around the river

Be aware of getting injuries - Bring a first aid kit

Do not get sunstroke - Being plenty of water

Do not slip on the ground - Be aware of an antecedent conditions

Don’t get too wet - Bring waterproof clothing to keep you dry.

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21
Q

How do you do Random Sampling

A

Number areas and use a random number generator to choose a random area to sample.

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22
Q

How do you do Systematic Sampling

A

Take measurements/samples after every 5m of a river, or every 10th person for a questionnaire, for example.

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23
Q

How do you do Stratified Sampling

A

In stratified sampling, your collecting data from different groups of a population to ensure fair representation, or deliberately introducing bias.

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24
Q

What is Sampling use for

A

Sampling is used to prevent/remove bias from your investigation.

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25
Q

Quantitative Data:

  • Definition
  • Example
A

Definition:
Numerical Data

Example:
River Depths

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26
Q

Qualitative Data:

  • Definition
  • Example
A

Definition:
Non-Numerical, opinion based data

Example:
Questionnaire Data

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27
Q

Primary Data:

  • Definition
  • Example
A

Definition:
Data you collected yourself

Example:
Measuring pebble size on a beach

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28
Q

Secondary Data:

  • Definition
  • Example
A

Definition:
Data someone else has collected

Example:
July temperatures for the last 30 years

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29
Q

Random Sampling:

  • Definition
  • Example
A

Definition:
Collecting data someone else has collected

Example:
Picking up stones from any area of a river bed

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30
Q

Systematic Sampling:

  • Definition
  • Example
A

Definition:
Collecting data at specific intervals

Example:
Sampling every 5th groyne on a beach

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31
Q

Stratified Sampling:

  • Definition
  • Example
A

Definition:
Collecting data from different groups of a population to ensure fair representation, or deliberately introducing bias

Example:
Surveying 3 residential areas and 3 town centre areas

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32
Q

What are some Data Presentation techniques used

A
  • Radar Graph (e.g to show areas of environmental quality)
  • Scatter Graphs (used to compare quantitative data)
  • Pie Charts (e.g used to show types of vehicles in a Traffic Count)
  • Photos (e.g comparing areas)
  • Maps (e.g Choropleth Map)
  • Bar Charts (e.g to show levels of sand either side of a groyne)
  • Line Graph (only used to show continuous data or something compared to time)
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33
Q

What are the 6 Stages of Data Analysis

A

Stages of Data Analysis are:

  • Describe the data
  • Identify patterns
  • Identify any anomalies
  • Make links between data sets
  • Explain the data
  • Make statistics (median, mode, range, interquartile range, e.c.t)
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34
Q

What donyou need to answer/assess in your Conclusion

A

You need to answer/assess:

  • How your data provides evidence to answer the question or support your hypothesis?
  • How valid is your conclusion
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35
Q

What do you assess/evaluate in your Evaluation

A

In the evaluation, you assess your study as a whole. Some things you evaluate are:

  • Were there problems in your data collection methods?
  • Were there limitations with your data?
  • How reliable was your data?
  • What other data would have been useful to have?
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36
Q

As part of an investigation into coastal erosion, students were given a data table (on the annual coastal erosion at X (cm)). Why is this an example of secondary data?

A

It is Secondary Data, as it has been recorded by an external source/organisation

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37
Q

The students then decided to collect some primary data themselves. Suggest two possible sampling strategies they can use. (2 marks)

A

They could use 2 of the 3 following:

  • Random Sampling
  • Systematic Sampling
  • Stratified Sampling
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38
Q

Give one advantage and one disadvantage of Random Sampling. (2 marks)

A

One advantage of random sampling is that there is no unconscious bias, but a disadvantage is that it may not be fully representative of the whole area.

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39
Q

Explain how you might reduce the risk when undertaking coastal fieldwork on a beach

A

One way you might reduce a risk when undertaking coastal fieldwork on a beach could be to bring lots of water and suncream in order to avoid getting sunstroke.

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40
Q

Random Sampling:

  • Advantages
  • Disadvantages
A

Advantages:

  • Useful with large samples
  • Avoids bias

Disadvantages:
-Might miss parts of a population

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41
Q

Systematic Sampling:

  • Advantages
  • Disadvantages
A

Advantages:

  • Straightforwards
  • Ensures a good coverage of the area

Disadvantages:
- May be time consuming

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42
Q

Stratified Sampling:

  • Advantages
  • Disadvantages
A

Advantages:

  • Ensures representation of different populations
  • Can be flexible

Disadvantages:
-Hard to establish the proportionsnof sub populations

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43
Q

What is our Physical Case Study

A

Swanage

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44
Q

What/Where is Swanage

A
  • It’s on the South Coast of the UK
  • It’s in Dorset
  • Most easerly town on the Jurassic Coast
  • It’s a Tourist Honeypot
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45
Q

What Geography can you see in Swanage?

A
  • Groynes
  • Cliffs with signs of mass movement
  • Beach width changes - could investigate beach profile
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46
Q

Hypothesis for Coasts in Swanage

A

Hard engineering prevents longshore drift moving sediment at Swanage

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47
Q

What makes the Hypothesis of ‘Hard Engineeing prevents Longshore Drift’ a suitable one

A
  • Swanage has groynes
  • It only requires simple equipment
  • We have already studied longshore drift and hard engineering in coasts
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48
Q

Why is Swanage a suitable location to do Field Work

A
  • Swanage has used hard engineering strategies
  • Longshore drift occurs in Swanage Bay
  • Swanage is within an hour from school
  • The beach has public access
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49
Q

How and Why is Swanage a Suitable area to prove the Hypothesis of ‘Hard Engineeing preventing Longshore Drift’

A
  1. We study hard engineering in coasts - So it is a suitable hypothesis, as I would see the theory in real life
  2. Swanage has used coastal management - Therefore it is a suitable location to test its effectiveness
  3. Swanage is located under an hour away from school - This meant it is a suitable location, as I can get there and back in a day.
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50
Q

How does Lonsghore Drift Occur? (Geographical Theory)

A

Longshore drift occurs when waves approach the beach at an angle due to the direction of the prevailing wind. This is called swash and it often transports sediment with it.

The wave, and the sediment it carries, then returns straight back down the beach (at a 90° angle) because of gravity. This is called backwash. This continues overtime and the waves transport sediment along the coast in a zig-zag motion.

Groynes prevent longshore drift from occurring.

51
Q

What prevents Longshore Drift

A

Groynes prevent longshore drift from occuring.

  • Groynes trap the sand and stop longshore drift
  • This will make the beach wider along the one side of the groyne.
  • The other side of the groyne, the beach gets narrower
52
Q

Risk Assessment for any Field Work partaken in Swanage

A

It’s important to stay safe from:

  • Tripping over
  • Drowning
  • Getting Lost
  • Heat Stroke
53
Q

Mitigation for the Risk of Drowning (+Explantion for it)

A

Risk:
Drowning

Mitigation:
Stay 5m away from the sea / Face the sea when collecting data

Explanation:
So a wave doesn’t catch someone unaware and knock you into the sea

54
Q

Mitigation for the Risk of Heat Stroke

A

Risk:
Heat Stroke

Mitigation:
Take suntan lotion and a hat

55
Q

Mitigation for the Risk of Getting Lost

A

Risk:
Getting Lost

Mitigation:
Take a map and know where the agreed meeting location is

56
Q

Mitigation for the Risk of Tripping Over

A

Risk:
Tripping over

Mitigation:
Wear sensible shoes

57
Q

Explain the advantages of the location used in your fieldwoek enquiry (4 marks)

A

Swanage is located under an hour away from school. This means that it was easy to travel there and back within a day, which gives us plenty of time to collect data to prove/disprove our hypothesis.

Swanage is a coastal location that uses hard engineering. This means that we were able to investigate how groynes interfere with longshore drift.

58
Q

Justify the suitability of the Hypothesis of ‘Hard Engineeing prevents Longshore Drift’ for fieldwork done in Swanage

A

My hypothesus is suitable as Swanage has many groynes which suggest that longshore drift occurs. Therefore I will be able to find out if my hypothesis of ‘Hard engineering prevents longshore drift’ is correct.

or

My hypothesis is suitable as the data collection only requires simple fieldwork equipment. Therefore, I will be able to collect useful data to prove my hypothesis of ‘Hard engineering prevents longshore drift.’

59
Q

Explain how you managed one of the risks in your fieldwork location (Swanage)

A

Drowning was a risk at my fieldwork location that I reduced by ensuring I stayed 5m away from the sea at all times. This meant that the waves were unable to sweep me into the sea

or

Sun stroke was a risk at my fieldwork location, as I went during the summer, so I took suncream and a hat. This meant that I was able to prevent getting sunburnt or sunstroke.

60
Q

What 2 methods of Data Collection can be used for investigating ‘Hard Engineering Prevents Longshore Drift at Swanage’

A
  • The groyne drop height survey (Primary and Quantitative Data)
  • The Photo Analysis of Swanage Beach (Secondary and Qualitative Data)
61
Q

How do we carry out the Groyne Drop Height survey?

A
  1. Select a random spot on the groyne
  2. Measure the drop from the top of the groyne to the sand on the south side. Repeat drops to the nearest cm.
  3. Use systematic sampling (every 3rd groyne for example).
  4. Repeat 5 times (increase reliability)
62
Q

Reasoning for each step of the Groyne Drop Height survey

  • Select a random spot on the groyne
  • Measure the drop from the top of the groyne to the sand on the south side. Repeat drops to the nearest cm.
  • Use systematic sampling (every 3rd groyne for example).
  • Repeat 5 times (increase reliability)
A

Select a random spot on the groyne:
- It may not be possible to sample the same point on each groyne and this removes bias.

Measure the drop from the top of the groyne to the sand on the south side. Repeat on the North Side:
- To see if the drop size differs (which would prove that longshore drift has been stopped)

Use systematic sampling (every 3rd groyne for example):
- To remove bias and represent the entire beach

Repeat 5 times (increase reliability):
- To make the investigation more reliable

63
Q

How could we use Random Sampling in the study for investigating ‘Hard Engineering Prevents Longshore Drift at Swanage’, but why wouldn’t it be very good

A

We could use a random number generator to tell hs which groyne we should collect our data from.

This wouldn’t be very good, as it wouldn’t give an overall representation of the whole coast.

64
Q

How could we use Systematic Sampling in the study for investigating ‘Hard Engineering Prevents Longshore Drift at Swanage’, and why would it be the best option

A

We could use every 3rd groyne along to collect our data from.

This would take a longer to complete, but it would mean we cover the entirety of the beach. This is the best type of sampling to do this in investigation

65
Q

How could we use Stratified Sampling in the study for investigating ‘Hard Engineering Prevents Longshore Drift at Swanage’, but why wouldn’t it be very good

A

If the upper half of the beach was full of shingle, you’d test if groynes are as effective in stopping longshore drift on sand beaches, as well as shingle beaches. This means both the sandy and shingle beach will be represented.

We are not using this way of sampling as the beach is just sandy.

66
Q

What is Reliability?

A

The extent to which your investigation produced consisent results, surveying more groynes will increase reliability as it highlights any anomalies.

67
Q

What is Accuracy?

A

Accuracy is how close something is to the true value, e.g to the nearest mm.

68
Q

What thing could lead to your results being inaccurate, and what thing can help your results get more accurate in the investigation of ‘Hard Engineering Prevents Longshore Drift at Swanage’,

A

Something that could lead you to being inaccurate is holding the ruler at an angle, and not straight.

To further increase accuracy, a digital tape measure can be used

69
Q

Steps of doing Photo Analysis for the beach in Swansea

A
  1. Find an image (secondary data)
  2. Annotate the photo
  3. Analyse the photo
70
Q

Groyne Drop Height Survey:

  • Primary or Secondary Data
  • Quantitative Data or Qualitative
A
  • Primary Data

- Quantitative Data

71
Q

Photo Analysis:

  • Primary or Secondary Data
  • Quantitative Data or Qualitative
A
  • Secondary Data

- Qualitative Data

72
Q

What method of Data Presentation should be used for measuring the Height of Groynes

A

A Bar Chart

73
Q

2 Advanatges and 1 Disadvantage of choosing a Bar Chart as the Data Presentation Technique for either side of a groyne

A

Advanatages:

  • Simple and easy to plot
  • Drawing the groyne in the centre makes it easy to visualise the pattern

Disadvantages:

  • Doesn’t show distance between the groynes or offer explanation of anomalies (to improve this we could geolocate them on a map)
74
Q

What can be annotated on the Photo for Photo Analysis of sand levels on the sides of groynes

A

You annotate what you can see, which is:

  • Beach width changes each side of the groyne
  • South of the groyne, the beach is wider
  • North of the groyne, the beach is narrower
75
Q

Explain hoe you made your enquiry reliable (2 marks)

A

I ensured my groyne drop hwight survey was reliable by sampling 5 groynes. This meant that if there was an anomaly, I would be able to identify it, as I had 5 sets of data to compare.

76
Q

Justify the use of secondary data in your fieldwork enquiry (3 marks)

A

I used a photo as my secondary data because it allowed me to see the beach from high up, which enabled me to look at how groynes had changed the beach width over a large area. Consequently, this was much quicker than measuring beach widths as primary data.

77
Q

Asses the effectiveness of a data presentation method used in your enquiry (6 marks)

A

I presented my groyne drop height data using bar charts, which showed the groyne down the centre of the south and north sides.

This presentation methid was successful, as drawing the groyne down the middle of the data sets made it easier to visualise results. Consequently this made data analysis easier, as we could clearly identify the trend which allowed me to prove my hypothesis.

However, this data presentation method did have its limitations, as it didn’t show the distance between groynes or where they were located. This means that if there were any anomalies, I may struggle to explain them. Therefore, geolocating these bar charts may have improved my data presentation, as I would have been abke to link my data to the physical environment.

In conclusion, my bar charts were effective at representing my groyne drop height data as the clear presentation aided my analysis.

78
Q

How to find the Mean in a results table

A

Mea = Total of the Values / Number of Values

79
Q

Succes Critrea for writing up your data analysis

A
  • Overall Trend
  • Mean
  • Range
  • Link to hypothesis
  • Anomalies
80
Q

Analysis of a Results table for comparing the Groyne Drop Height survey

(-The drop is the largest to the North

  • Mean drop on the North side is 66cm
  • Mean drop on the South side is 34cm
  • Mean difference is 32cm
  • Range of differences is 47cm)
A

The overall trend of the groyne drop height data is that the drop is largest to the north.

For example, the mean drop on the north side is 66cm, whereas it is only 34cm on the south side. The mean difference is 32cm.

However, the range of the differences is quite large at 47cm. There are no real anomalies, as on all 5 groynes the drop is largest to the north.

This evidence supports my hypothesis as the groynes have prevented longshore drift, resulting in sand piling up on the south side (as seen in the smaller drop sizes).

81
Q

Analysis of the Secondary Data Photo

A

Beach width changes each side of the groyne. To the south of the groyne, the beach is wider, which supports our hypothesis, as it suggests the groyne have prevented longshore drift from creating a build-up of sediment (wider beach). This links directly to our primary data, which suggests the beach is also higher on the south-side (with a mean drop of 34cm, for example)

82
Q

What does Primary and Secondary Data come together to show?

A

Our primary data showed the sand was piled up higher on the south side. Our secondary data showed us that the beach was also wider on the south. This showed the groynes have stopped longshore drift because the beach is higher and wider.

83
Q

Conclusion for the Fieldwork in Swanage to the hypothesis of ‘Hard engineering prevents longshore drift at Swanage’.

A

In conclusion, I have proven my hypothesis that ‘Hard engineering prevents drift at Swanage’?

Both my primary and secondary data support this. The groyne drop height survey suggested that there was a large mean difference of 32cm. The beach was also higher on the southern side of each groyne, with a mean drop of just 34cm, whuch was supported by my photo analysis, showing that the beach was akso wider to the south of each groyne. This was due to the groynes preventing longshore drift, resulting in the build up of sediment to the south. These significant differences between north and south side of the groynes, in both my quantitative and qualitative data, allowed me to be confident in my conclusion.

This data suggests that hard engineering in Swanage is valuable, especially as the beach is such an important tourist attraction, which would be an at risk without the groynes.

84
Q

Wht things can be evaluate for our Investigation at Swanage

A
  • Was our location right for the study?
  • Was the data collected the right type of data?
  • Did we use the right sampling?
  • Did we use the best equipment possible?
  • Did we choose the right type of presentation?
85
Q

What is Validity

A

How suitabkw was the method for answering the question it was intended to?

86
Q

How could reliabilty be improved for the investigation if ‘Hard engineering prevents longshore drift at Swanage’.

A

Only 5 groynes were sampled, and this can be made more reliable by increasing the sample size (e.g, up to 8 groynes)

87
Q

Success criteria for a Fieldwork 6 marker

A
  • 1 paragraph on the method
  • 1 paragraph on results
  • Developed explanations
  • Key terms (accuracy, reliability, e.c.t)
88
Q

With reference to your methode and results, sugges how one of your geographical enquiries (Fieldwork in Swanage) could be improved?

A

My coasts fieldwork tested the hypothesis that, ‘Hard engineering prevents longshore drift at Swanage’.

I would improve my groyne drop height test next time by using more accurate equipment, such as a digital tape measure. This would allow me to record data to the nearest milimeter, increasing the accuracy. However, while my results may slightly change, they would not impact by conclusion.

Next time, I would also improve the reliability of my results by increasing my sample size. Due to time restrictions, I was only able to measure 5 groynes, which means that any anomalies may have influenced my data. By increasing my sample size to 8 groynes, my data would be more reliable, giving me more confidence in my conclusion. I would also have liked to have visited at a different time of year.

89
Q

What is the Hypothesis for the Human Field Work in Swanage

A

Tourism has an environmental imapct in Swanage.

90
Q

Why is Swansea a suitabke location to test the Hypothesis of ‘Tourism has an environmental imapct in Swanage’

A

● The impact of tourism is on the GCSE course.
● We live in a tourist resort so find the concept interesting.
● Swanage is a tourist honeypot.
● Easy to collect information on the environmental quality.
● It doesn’t require any specialist equipment.
● Swanage is a tourist attraction.
● In 2017 181,000 tourists visited and 873,000 day visits were made.
● Swanage is within an hour from our school.

91
Q

Justifications and Reasons for the Hypothesis when carrying out Human Field Work in Swanage

A
  1. We study the impact of tourism - So it is a suitable hypothesis, as I would like to see the Butler Model in real life (+ see coasts work, and e.c.t)
  2. 181,000 tourists stayed in Swanage in 2017 - Therefore I can collect data to answer my hypothesis easily.
  3. No specialist equipment is needed - Therefore it is a suitable location to access the environmental impact of tourism.
92
Q

What is the Butler Model (useful, but not critical)

A

The Butler Model is also called the Tourism Life Cycle model. It suggests that tourist resorts go through 6 stages as they grow.

Stage 3 is named the Consolidation/Success stage. Their economy is probably dominated by tourism at the stage and many local people will have a job in the industry. Stage 4 is stagnation and after this, they can either go into rejuvination or decline.

93
Q

Risk Assessment - Risks

A

● Tripping over.
● Getting lost.
● Road accidents.
● Sun stroke.

94
Q

Give the Mitigation for the Risk of Heat Stroke

A

Mitigation:

Take suncream lotion and a hat and sunglasses

95
Q

Give the Mitigation for the Risk of Getting Lost

A

Mitigation:

Take a mal and know where the agreed meeting location is

96
Q

Give the Mitigation for the Risk of Tripping Over

A

Mitigation:

Wear sensible shoes

97
Q

Give the Mitigation for the Risk of Traffic Accidents

A

Mitigation:

Always cross roads at traffic lights or zebra crossings.

98
Q

Explain an advantage of the location of your fieldwork (2 marks)

A

One advantage of doing fieldwork in Swanage is that it is easy to collect data here to prove/disprove the hypothesis, as 181,000 tourists visited in 2017.

99
Q

Justify the suitability of your hypothesis (2 marks)

A

We study the impact of tourism in our GCSE studies, so it’s a suitable hypothesis, as we can see the Butler Model in real life (as well as using knowledge from Coasts)

100
Q

Explain how you managed the risks in your fieldwork location (2 marks)

A

I mitigated the risk of getting heat stroke by taking suncream and a hat with sunglasses. This allowed me to prevent myself from getting sunburnt or sunstroke and kept me safe.

I also mitigated tripping over by wearing sensible footwear, which ensured that I didn’t fall over and hurt myself.

101
Q

What Data Collection Types will be used to test of ‘Tourism has an environmental impact on Swanage

A

We will use an Environmental quality survey and a photo analysis will show us how much litter and e.c.t is in Swanage. A shopping basket survey would only tell us about the economic impact, meaning it would be used, while a pedestrian count doesn’t show us anything about the environment.

102
Q

What types of areas in Swanage do you select in an Environmental Quality Survey (EQS) and what type of Sampling will be used

A

Select a tourist area (promenade) and a non tourist residential area.

Systematic sampling- Every 200m along a transect.

103
Q

What do you do in your Environmental Quality Survey (EQS)

A

Complete an EQS in each area.

Repeat this 3 times in a tourist area and 3 times in a non tourist areas (increase reliability).

104
Q

What type of Data is the Environmental Quality Survey

A

Primary Data

Quantitative Data

105
Q

4 Steps of the Environmental Quality Survey

A
  1. Select a tourist and non tourist location. Systematic sample along 2 transects (every 200m).
  2. Complete an EQS.
  3. Survey 16 different elements.
  4. Repeat at 3 tourist locations and 3 non tourist locations.
106
Q

Justification for the Step of:

‘Select a tourist and non tourist location. Systematic sample along 2 transects (every 200m)’ in the EQS

A

To see if there there is a difference between two different areas. Systematic sampling avoids bias in location selection.

107
Q

Justification for the Step of:

‘Complete an EQS’ in the EQS

A

To make a judgement about the impact on the environment

108
Q

Justification for the Step of:

‘Survey 16 different elements’ in the EQS

A

Reduces the impact of any anomalies

109
Q

Justification for the Step of:

‘Repeat at 3 tourist locations and 3 non tourist locations’ in the EQS

A

To increase reliability

110
Q

Why do we do a Photo Analysis for the hypothesis of ‘Tourism has had an environmental impact in Swanage’

A

We use someone else’s photo so we can see what Swanage is like on a different day. It helps the data be more reliable, as it gives something to base off of a different time of year.

111
Q

Is an Environmental Quality Survey (EQS)

  • Primary or Secondary Data
  • Quantitative or Qualitative Data

For the hypothesis of ‘Tourism has had an environmental impact in Swanage’

A
  • Primary Data

- Quantitative Data

112
Q

Is a Photo Analysis

  • Primary or Secondary Data
  • Quantitative or Qualitative Data

For the hypothesis of ‘Tourism has had an environmental impact in Swanage’

A
  • Secondary Data

- Qualitative Data

113
Q

What type of graph would be used to represent data for an EQS (for the hypothesis of ‘Tourism has had an environmental impact in Swanage’)

A

A radar graph will be used (with 4 axes).

There will be axes fir Buildings, Traffic, Open Space, and General Quality

114
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of using a Radar Graph in Swanage when investigating if ‘Tourism has had an environmental impact in Swanage’

A

Advantages:

  • Simple and east to plot, increasing the accuracy
  • Had 4 axes
  • Area shows totals clearly, enhancing intrpretation

Disadvantages:
- Doesn’t show locations which may explain anomalies

115
Q

How can we show locations with Radar Graphs (when testing if ‘Tourism has had an environmental impact in Swanage’)

A

To improve this, we could geolocate our radar graphs. This would involve placing the radar graphs at different locations on a map. This would allow us to look at the physical environment to see if there is a reason for these patterns.

116
Q

Justify the sampling technique for the hypothesis of ‘Tourism has had an environmental impact in Swanage’ (2 marks)

A

I used systematic sampling to survey sites every 200m in both a tourist and a non tourist area. This meant that I would avoid bias in selecting where to complete my environmental quality survey (EQS).

117
Q

Justify the use of secondary data in your fieldwork enquiry for the hypothesis of ‘Tourism has had an environmental impact in Swanage’ (3 marks)

A

I used photos as my secondary data because it allowed me to see the envirpnmental quality at a different point in time, which enabled me to see if the photo supported my primary data or if my findings were a one off. It also helped to remove bias as I could have ben subconsciously taking photos of specific area to provemy hypothesis.

118
Q

Assess the effectivenes of a data presentation method used in your enquiry (radar graphs) (for the hypothesis of ‘Tourism has had an environmental impact in Swanage’) (6 marks)

A

I presented my environmental quality data using radar graphs.

This presentation method was successful to a great extent, as it has 4 axes. This allowed me to maintain the detail showing the score for buildings, traffic, open space, and general quality. Consequently, this will aid my analysis as I can see individual scores to identify patterns better.

However, this presentation method did have its limitations, as it didn’t show the location of the sites. This means that it would not have allowed me to explain any anomalies that may have occurred. Therefore, geolocating these radar graphs may have improved my data presentation, as I would have been able to link my data to the physical environment.

In conclusion, my radar graphs were effective at representing my environmental quality data to a large extent, but could have been enhanced by geolocation.

119
Q

Analyse the EQS data from the given data:

Tourist Locations:

  • Pier: 50
  • Fun World: 38
  • The Square: 38
  • Mean: 42

Non Tourist Locations:

  • C Road: 60
  • R Road: 72
  • W Road: 61
  • Mean: 64
A

The overall trend of the environmental quality survey is that it is higher in the non-tourist locations, for example, the mean EQS score for tourist locations is just 42, whereas it is much higher at 64 in the non tourist locations. This is a difference of 22, which is a significant difference. There are no real anomalies as all 3 tourist locations were the highest. This evidence supports my hypothesis as the tourist locations have the lowest EPQ scores.

120
Q

What does the Photo Analysis show use (for ‘Tourism has had an environmental impact in Swanage’)

A

The photo showed the environmental quality has been lowered near the beach where most tourists visit. For example, some people may find facilities such as signs, bins, and deckchairs unpleasant to look at. This supports my hypothesis, as it suggests that tourism has had a negative impact in Swanage. This links directly to our primary data, which suggested the tourist areas scored on average 22 lower than the non tourist areas.

121
Q

Conclusion to the hypothesis of ‘Tourism has had an environmental impact in Swanage’

A

In conclusion, I have proven my hypothesis that ‘Tourism has had an environmental impact in Swanage’.

Both my peimary and secondary data support this. The environmental quality survey suggested that the tourist locations had a mean environmental quality of just 42 where as the non tourist locations scored higher at 64. This was a large, mean difference of 22. This was supported by my photo analysis where several photos shows a lower environmental quality near the beach with signs and rubbish bins, making the area look unpleasant. These quantitative and qualitative data allowed me to be confident in my conclusion.

122
Q

How can the reliability be increased for the hypothesis ‘Tourism has had an environmental impact in Swanage’

A

The reliability can be increased by increasing the number of sites visited and recorded.

It could be increased further by going in a different day, at a different time, in different conditions

(Weekends v Weekdays) (Different Weathers) (Different Times Of Day)

123
Q

How can Accuracy be improved for the EQS for the hypothesis ‘Tourism has had an environmental impact in Swanage’

A

You could walk across all the areas your going to survey before you start, so you already have a sense of scale/proportion when you start your EQS.

Alternatively, you could use a key, which will also give you a better sense of scale and proportion in your EQS.

124
Q

Explain why the results of your enquiry were helpful in reaching a reliable conclusion for the hypothesis of ‘Tourism has had an environmental impact in Swanage’ (Human Fieldwork)

A

My Human fieldwork tested the hypothesis of ‘Tourism has had an environmental impact in Swanage’. My results were helpful in reaching a reliable conclusion, as I surveyed 6 sites (3 tourist and 3 non-tourist locations). Having a large sample size means that if any of the sites were an anomaly, I would have been able to identify them more easily. It also allowed me to take a mean. Therefore, when I made my conclusion, I was confident it was reliable as the mean difference was 22.

I was also confident my conclusion was reliable as my secondary qualitative data analysis supportee my primary data. The photo also showed me that the beach area had a lower quality due to bins and signage which matched the EQS score of 42. As it was secondary data, it removed the chance of bias in data collection, and so therefore I can be more confident in my conclusion.

(GCSE) Geography (9 decks)

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