Paper 2

Question 1

50%

Answer 1

2/3rds of monozygotic twins share the same placenta

could be the case that shared exposure to environmental factors, like teratogens are transmitted through the placenta

Question 2

environmental factors that contribute to schizo

Answer 2

prenatal stress

winter-spring months

population density

exposure to others

prenatal infections

viral infections

Question 3

toxoplasmosis

Answer 3

parasitic disease caused by toxoplasma gondii

usually cause no symptoms in adult humans

maybe flulike symptoms

usually spread by eating poorly cooked food, also from mother to child during pregnancy if mom is infected

Question 4

can toxoplasmosis affect the brain

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

can toxoplamosis affect behavior?

Answer 5

yes

uninfected rats avoid the region where they detect cat urine

infected rats no longer avoided the cat urine

Question 6

toxoplasmosis theory

Answer 6

prenatal exposure to toxoplasmosis gondii alters brain development, playing a direct role in schizophrenia

Question 7

toxoplasmosis hypothesis

Answer 7

mothers infected by toxoplasmosis during pregnancy would be more likely to carry offspring that exhibit schizo

Question 8

comparison subjects

Answer 8

matched to subjects with schizo based on gender, time bf serum acquisition, and date of birth

Question 9

toxoplasmosis IgG Antibody

Answer 9

immune system increases production of antibody IgG when exposed to toxoplasma