Paper 2 Flashcards
Aggression
Behaviour with deliberate intention to harm or injure another person
.Direct
.Indirect
Direct aggression
Aggression that involves actual physical contact with opponent
Indirect aggression
Aggression that does not involve physical contact. The act is taken out on an object.
. Bowling a fast ball in cricket
. Smashing the shuttle with power
Intrinsic motivation
Drive from within the person, for personal reasons
. Enjoyment
. Pride
. Satisfaction
Extrinsic motivation
Drive from external sources, when trying to achieve a reward. Tangible or intangible
. Trophy
Accessibility
Less access to facilities, clubs and resources
. Disability equipment
5 categories affecting sport participation
Accessibility
Attitudes
Role models
Media coverage
Stereotyping
Attitudes
Having a negative attitude of sport/exercise through bad experiences
Role models
Lack of role models for certain social groups, so these groups have no one to look up to.
Media coverage
Media coverage has big impacts on participation and funding, but tends to focus on the same sports/groups
Stereotyping
Negative stereotypes that certain groups cannot/should not participate in.
Gender
. Negative attitudes towards sports due to bad experiences
. Access to resources/time, more male football teams then female ones
. Role models, due to a lack of media coverage
. Media coverage, less coverage on female sports
. Negative stereotypes, gender stereotypes (sexism)
Ethnic groups/religion/race
. Stereotyping- certain ethnic groups are stereotyped into certain sports
. Access to facilities, equipment etc
. Eg Cricket is popular among people from India backgrounds
Family and friends
. Providing equipment and funding
. Providing transport
. Role models - family members being role models to younger family members
. Peer pressure can be positive for the participation in sport.
. Also can be negative
Participation & disability
. Access - lack of specialist facilities and coaches for disabled athletes
. Stereotyping/discrimination- assumptions that disabled people can’t do sports
. Role models/media coverage - lack of awareness and funding
. Low self esteem & confidence - joining a club
Socio economic status
A groups place within society including things like occupation, education and income
. Activities that are cheap are easily accessible - football and running
. Status sports cost lots and reduce the amount of people that take part eg golf, equestrian, cricket
Commercialisation
The process of bringing a product to market in order to make a profit
. Sports and athletes are products that can be bought or sold.
Media
Main method of receiving
information/advertising eg Tv, newspapers, radio, social media
Sponsorship
Provision of funds or other forms of support to an individual or event in return for some commercial return. Eg paying football players to wear your brands boots
Golden triangle
A cycle/link between Sport spectators - Business sponsors - Media
. Sport spectators - will buy sponsors products if marketed well. Buy merchandise from media companies and use their platforms.
. Business sponsors - need media to promote and rely on fans buying products
. Media - attract sponsors & rely on subscriptions
Golden triangle Advantages
. Increased money/sponsorship for athletes
. Money for better facilities/coaches/equipment
. Sports become more popular due to media coverage
. More coverage for spectators
. Athletes become role models
Golden triangle disadvantages
. Athletes have extra commitments in sponsors
. Increased pressure on athletes with bigger audiences
. Changes rules and formats
. Different times for matches
. Neglect less popular sports so spectators can’t watch
Sponsorship
Clothing - giving athletes clothing/shoes to wear during performances
Equipment - giving athletes equipment to use during performances
Facilities - providing money to build facilities/ advertising at a ground
Advantages of sponsorships
. Increased money for athletes
. Free facilities
. New technology
. Increased brand awareness
. Brand is associated with success
. Tax
. Increased sport awareness