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GCSE Pe > Paper 1 > Flashcards

Paper 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from mid-line of body
e.g. backhand shot in tennis

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2
Q

Adduction

A

Movement towards mid-line of body
e.g. forehand shot in tennis

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3
Q

Circumduction

A

Circular movement around the joint

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4
Q

Flexion

A

Angle of joint is decreasing
Eg bicep curl

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5
Q

Extension

A

Angle of joint is increasing
Eg throwing a ball

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6
Q

Rotation

A

Turning around an axis/fixed point

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7
Q

Hinge joints

A

Allow body parts to move forward and back (not side to side) + straightening and bending

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8
Q

Ball and socket joints

A

Allows backward, forward, sideways, and rotating movements

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9
Q

Hinge joint

A

Knee, ankle and elbow

Flexion and extension can occur here.

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10
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

Shoulder and hip
Abduction, adduction and rotation can take place

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11
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Angle of joint decreasing at ankle

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12
Q

Plantarflexion

A

Angle of joint increasing at ankle

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13
Q

Cranium

A

Flat bone that protects the skull

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14
Q

Tendons

A

Attach muscle to bone

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15
Q

Ligament

A

Attaches a bone to a bone

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16
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Produces synovial fluid

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17
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Provides lubrication at a joint

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18
Q

Bursae

A

Sacks of fluid at a joint that reduce friction

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19
Q

Cartilage

A

Prevents friction/bones rubbing together, acts as a shock absorber to allow easier movement

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20
Q

Joint capsule

A

Encloses/ supports the joint

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21
Q

Concentric Contraction

A

When the muscle contracts and shortens e.g.when bending the elbow the biceps is the agonist

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22
Q

Isometric Contraction

A

When the muscle contracts but stays the same length e.g. tug of war, planking

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23
Q

Eccentric Contraction

A

When the muscle lengthens (relaxes) e.g. when bending the elbow, the antagonist is the tricep which lengthens

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24
Q

Antagonist

A

The muscle that relaxes to allow the movement to take place e.g. triceps during a dumbbell curl.

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25
Q

Shape

A

Function of the skeleton that provides the body with structure. Short bones enable fine movement an long bones enable gross movements.

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26
Q

Protection

A

Function of the skeleton, flat bones protect the body e.g. cranium protects the brain.

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27
Q

Support

A

Function of the skeleton where muscles and bones are kept in place supported by the skeleton.

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28
Q

Mineral storage

A

Function of the skeleton where the mineral calcium helps with bone formation.

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29
Q

Movement

A

Function of the skeleton where different types of joints allow different types of movement, muscles and bones work together to pull.

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30
Q

Talus

A

Found at the ankle

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31
Q

Scapula

A

Shoulder blade

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32
Q

Humerus

A

Long bone found in the arm

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33
Q

Fibula and tibia

A

Long bones found in the lower leg

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34
Q

Radius and ulna

A

Long bones found in the lower arm

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35
Q

Rib cage

A

Flat bone that protects vital organs such as the lungs, heart

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36
Q

Vertebrae

A

Protects spinal cord

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37
Q

Patella

A

Knee cap

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38
Q

Pelvis

A

Flat bone at the hips

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39
Q

Sternum

A

Flat Bone also known as the chest bones

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40
Q

Biceps and triceps

A

Biceps are found on the front of the arm, triceps are found at the back of the arm. Used in movements such as throwing.

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41
Q

Hamstrings and Quadriceps

A

Hamstrings are found at the top back of the leg, quadriceps are found at the front of the thigh. Used in running and kicking.

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42
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Also know as the calf muscle found at the back of the lower leg. Involved with movements at the ankle.

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43
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

Found at the shin at the front of the lower leg

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44
Q

Gluteals and Hip Flexors

A

Gluteals found at the bum, flexors found at the hips.

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45
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Allows shoulder movement backwards, forwards, up and down. Found on the back.

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46
Q

Abdominals

A

Used to bend the trunk, important for core strength

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47
Q

Pectorals

A

At the front of the upper chest, used in throwing actions such as the javelin.

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48
Q

What does SPORT stand for .

A

Specificity, Progressive Overload, Reversibility, Tedium

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49
Q

What does FITT stand for?

A

Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type

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50
Q

Frequency

A

How often you train

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50
Q

Intensity

A

How hard you train

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51
Q

Time

A

How long you train for

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52
Q

Type

A

Which type of training you use

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53
Q

Reversibility principle

A

The benefits of exercise and training are lost if injury or inactivity occur

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54
Q

Progressive overload

A

training system that gradually increases the demand on the body

55
Q

Tedium principle

A

Changing the type of training method to prevent boredom and add variety

56
Q

Multi stage fitness test

A

A test of cardiovascular endurance
Also known as the bleep test

56
Q

Wall toss test

A

A test of coordination

57
Q

Stork balance test

A

A test of balance

58
Q

Ruler drop test

A

A test of reaction speed

59
Q

One rep max test

A

A test of muscular strength

60
Q

Hand grip dynamometer test

A

A test of strength

61
Q

Sit up bleep test

A

A test of muscular endurance

62
Q

Illinois agility test

A

A test of agility
10m length and 5m width with sprints and weaving

63
Q

Sit and reach test

A

A test of flexibility

64
Q

30m sprint test

A

A test of speed

64
Q

Vertical jump test

A

A test of power

65
Q

inspiratory reserve volume

A

Amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalation

66
Q

Tidal volume

A

Amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during a normal breath

67
Q

expiratory reserve volume

A

Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation

68
Q

residual volume

A

Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation

69
Q

Spirometer trace

A

measure lung volumes

70
Q

Gaseous exchange

A

The process where oxygen is taken in from the air and exchanged for carbon dioxide

70
Q

Inspiration

A

Breathing in

71
Q

Expiration

A

Breathing out

72
Q

intercostal muscles

A

Muscles between ribs

73
Q

Diaphragm

A

Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing

74
Q

passage of air to lungs

A

mouth, nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

75
Q

Heart Rate (HR)

A

number of heart beats per minute

76
Q

cardiac output

A

The volume of blood ejected from the left side of the heart in one minute. HR X SV

77
Q

Stroke Volume (SV)

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction.

78
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

79
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart

80
Q

Capillaries

A

microscopic blood vessels that connect arteries and veins

81
Q

deoxygenated blood

A

blood that contains little oxygen

82
Q

Oxygenated blood

A

Blood rich in oxygen

83
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

A complete heartbeat consisting of contraction and relaxation of both atria and both ventricles

83
Q

Pathway of blood through the heart

A

right atrium -> right ventricle ->
out of heart -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> out of heart

84
Q

Systole

A

Contraction of the heart

84
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation of the heart

85
Q

Vasodilation

A

Widening of blood vessels

86
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Narrowing of blood vessels

87
Q

anaerobic exercise

A

intense short bursts of activity in which the muscles work so hard that they produce energy without using oxygen

88
Q

Aerobic exercise

A

sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; may also alleviate depression and anxiety
. with oxygen

89
Q

EPOC

A

excess post-exercise oxygen consumption; another term for oxygen debt

90
Q

Oxygen Debt (EPOC)

A

the amount of oxygen required to restore muscle to its resting state after exercise

91
Q

Cool down

A

low-level activity that prepares your body to return to a resting state

92
Q

Warm up

A

an activity that prepares the muscles for work

93
Q

Immediate effects of exercise

A

hot/sweaty/red skin
-increase in depth and frequency of breathing
-increased heart rate.

94
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase in muscle size

95
Q

1st class lever

A

Fulcrum in the middle

96
Q

2nd lass lever

A

fulcrum at the end, load in the middle; wheel barrow, car-jack

97
Q

3rd class lever

A

fulcrum at the end, effort in the middle; tweezers, baseball bat

98
Q

Frontal plane

A

Divides the body into front and back portions.

99
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides body into left and right

100
Q

Transverse plane

A

line that divides the body into upper and lower sections

101
Q

Sagittal plane movements

A

Flexion and extension

102
Q

Frontal plane movements

A

Abduction and adduction

103
Q

Longitudinal axis

A

An imaginary long, straight line that cuts through the body from top to bottom.

104
Q

Transverse axis

A

a line running laterally, across the body (from side to side)

105
Q

Sagittal axis

A

point that runs through a joint from front to back

106
Q

mechanical advantage

A

the ratio of the output force to the input force

107
Q

Circumduction

A

circular movement of a limb at the far end

108
Q

Cardiovascular Endurance

A

The ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the working muscles

109
Q

Coordination

A

The ability to use two or more body parts together

110
Q

Reaction time

A

the amount of time taken to respond to a specific stimulus

111
Q

Muscular endurance

A

the ability of your muscles to perform physical tasks over a period of time without tiring

112
Q

Balance

A

The ability to keep an upright posture while standing still or moving.

113
Q

muscular power

A

amount of work performed by muscles in a given period of time

114
Q

Muscular strength

A

The amount of force a muscle can exert

115
Q

Agility

A

Ability to move quickly and easily

116
Q

Flexibility

A

The ability to move your body parts through their full range of motion

117
Q

Speed

A

The distance an object travels per unit of time

118
Q

Aerobic training zone

A

60-80% of MHR

119
Q

Anaerobic training zone

A

80-90% of MHR

120
Q

maximum heart rate

A

220 - your age

121
Q

Interval training

A

Alternating periods of work with active recovery

122
Q

Fartlek training

A

This type of training allows an athlete to run at varying speeds, over unmeasured distances, on different terrain (Fartlek is Swedish for ‘Speed)

122
Q

Continuous training

A

involves working for a sustained period of time without rest. It improves cardio-vascular fitness.

123
Q

Circuit training

A

Performing a series of exercises, one after the other, with minimal rest

124
Q

Plyometrics

A

High-intensity movements, such as jumping, involving high-force loading of body weight during the landing phase of the movement that take advantage of the stretch-shortening cycle.

124
Q

Altitude training

A

Aerobic training high above sea level, where oxygen levels are lower. It is used to increase aerobic fitness quickly.

. forces higher levels of red blood cell productions.

125
Q

Static stretching

A

a technique in which a muscle is slowly and gently stretched and then held in the stretched position

126
Q

Weight training

A

physical training that involves lifting weights

127
Q

Training seasons

A

pre, competition and post season

128
Q

Quantitative data

A

numerical data e.g. distance in high jump

129
Q

qualitative data

A

descriptive data e.g. interview, judging competition

GCSE Pe (2 decks)

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