Paper 2

Question 1

Definition of urbanisation

Answer 1

When an increasing percentage of a country’s population live in towns or cities

Question 2

Definition of Rural

Answer 2

The countryside

Question 3

Definition of urban

Answer 3

Built up areas (towns, cities)

Question 4

Definition of global city

Answer 4

When people move from rural to urban areas

Question 5

Mega cities

Answer 5

An urban area with a total population of more than ten million people

Question 6

Natural increase

Answer 6

Birth rate minus death rate of a population

Question 7

Migration

Answer 7

When people move from one area to another

Question 8

Pull factors

Answer 8

The attractions/opportunities of a place that encourage people to move there

Question 9

Push factors

Answer 9

The negative aspects of a place that encourage people to move away from

Question 10

Rural - urban migration

Answer 10

When people move from rural to urban areas

Question 11

Explain why mega cities are growing in LICs or NEEs

Answer 11

Rural to urban migration e.g Brazil to Rio
Natural increase I.e improved healthcare = more babies survive

Question 12

Which types of countries are mega cities growing in?

Answer 12

NEEs and LICs

Question 13

Challenges of Rio de Janeiro - poor access to health

Answer 13

Poor access to healthcare : infant mortality rates as high as 50 per 100, over 40% of the city doesn’t have access to a local health clinic

Question 14

Challenges of Rio de Janeiro - lack of waste disposal

Answer 14

This is because there is limited road access

Question 15

Challenges of Rio de Janeiro - poor education

Answer 15

Only 1/2 of children are educated beyond the age of 14

Question 16

Challenges of Rio de Janeiro - high crime rate

Answer 16

The murder rate is high, 20 per 1000 people in the favelas

Question 17

Challenges of Rio de Janeiro - unsafe housing

Answer 17

Lots of unplanned settlements, some are even illegally constructed

Question 18

Definition of a brownfield site

Answer 18

Land that has been used before, with existing infastructure but will be used again

Question 19

Definition of dereliction

Answer 19

Abandoned buildings or areas which haven’t been used for a while

Question 20

Economics opportunities- Rio

Answer 20

Rio now provides 6% of employment for Brazil,
Industrial areas in Rio that help to bring economic development through the multiplier effect

Question 21

Definition of a greenfield site

Answer 21

An Area of land which hasn’t been used before

Question 22

Define ‘sustainable urban living’

Answer 22

Protecting and meeting the needs for now and in the future

Question 23

What are some sustainable forms of transport?

Answer 23

Congestion charges
Bike lanes/bus lanes - East Parade
Park and ride - encourages people to park on the outskirts of town and take a bus in
Integrated transport system - improving the bus/train/tram services to encourage more people to take public transport

Question 24

Why is Leeds an important HIC city?

Answer 24

Channel 4 headquarters
Busiest train station in the North of England
Emmerdale was filmed there
3 universities
3rd largest city by population
2nd largest financial centre

Question 25

Social opportunities in Leeds

Answer 25

Huge cultural mix as 12% of Leeds’ population were born outside the UK and there are over 85 different languages spoken there. This is an opportunity because there are cultural festivals such as The West Indian Carnival

Question 26

Social opportunities in Leeds

Answer 26

Huge cultural mix as 12% of Leeds’ population were born outside the UK and there are over 85 different languages spoken there. This is an opportunity because there are cultural festivals such as The West Indian Carnival

Question 27

Economics opportunities - Rio

Answer 27

Economic development has brought improvement to Rio’s roads, transport network, services and environment

Question 28

Environmental Challenges for Leeds - Dereliction

Answer 28

Deindustrialisation
One area with large amounts of dereliction is the South bank area to the South of the River Aire and station

Question 29

Environmental challenges - building on brownfield and greenfield sites - Leeds

Answer 29

75% of new houses in Leeds since 2004 have been built on brownfield land
Greenfield sites by contrast are likely to be further out the city and represent a “black canvas” and as a result likely to be cheaper to develop

Question 30

Environmental - waste disposal - Leeds (specific facts)

Answer 30

On average Leeds residents produce 470kg of waste per household per year, 306000 tonnes annually.